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STATEMENTS 



j^egentH af tin ^niv^Ymti^ 



OF CAT.IFORIN^IA, 



Joiilt dorqn|ittee of tl|e L(egij^lattii^e, 



MARCH 3, 1874. 



i 





STATEMENTS 



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OF CALIFORISriA, Ife^eahs 

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Joir\t doii|i]qittee of tl\e I(egi^latui'e, 



MARCH 3, 1874. 



SAN FRANCISCO : 
Excelsior Press, Bacon & Company, Steam Printers, 

Corner Clay and Sansome Streets, 

1874. 






jvtEJvroRi^nL, 



OF THE 



\miml e| ||.^gentii U i\\t ||egyafiiw 



REQUESTING 



2$.i\ Ii\Ye^ti^ktioi\ 



To THE Honorable the Legislature of the State of Cali- 
fornia, REPRESENTED IN SeNATE AND ASSEMBLY: 

The Memorial of the Regents of the University of California re- 
spectfully represents : 

That for nearly six years, since the organization of the Univer- 
sity in June, 1868, they have administered the educational and 
financial affairs of the University, always under circumstances of 
great difficulty, but with some success, as witness the present con- 
dition of the University, with 200 students and 20 instructors in its 
various departments. 

Your Memorialists feel confident that their labors in aid of the 
education of the youth of California will be better appreciated by 
the public authorities, as well as by the mass of the people, with 
thorough information upon the whole subject. 

It seems at present to be supposed, and very erroneously, as the 
Regents think, that there have been 

First. Some deficiencies which could have been avoided in the 
teaching in the departments of agriculture and mechanics in the 
University. 

Second. That some errors have been committed in the man- 
agement of the agricultural grant made to the State by Congress 
for the endowment of the University. 



Third. That the Eegents have not shown due economy in 
using the funds which the Legislature has appropriated for the 
University. 

The Eegents of the University therefore respectfully ask of the 
Honorable the Legislature, that it will, in the exercise of its legiti- 
mate authority, create a joint committee of the Senate and Assem- 
bly, with full power to send for persons and papers, to inquire and 
report to your honorable bodies. 

I. What instruction has been given in agriculture in the Uni- 
versity of California ; whether the same has been defective or not ; 
and if defective, wherein such defect has consisted, and what is the 
cause as well as the remedy of such defect. 

II. What has been the management, by the Regents of the 
University of California, of the 150,000 acres of agricultural 
lands donated by Congress to the State of California, for the use 
of the University ; whether the same has been defective or not ; 
and if defective, wherein such defect has consisted, and what is the 
cause as well as the remedy of such defects. 

III. Whether or not the Regents have properly administered 
the funds of the University which have been entrusted to them ; 
and if not, in what particulars. 

The Regents of the University respectfully represent to the 
Honorable the Legislature, that such examination, made as above 
indicated, would tend to promote the interests of the University, 
from the estabhshment of which so much benefit has been justly 
expected to flow to the whole people of the State, and especially 
to the great majority who desire a complete education for their 
children, but are not able or willing to send them to distant cities 
for this purpose. 

While we have indicated a joint committee of each House, as the 
one Avhich we would prefer, we shall be satisfied with any other 
efficient method of inquiry. 

Dated February 17th, 1874. 

H. H. Haight, Chairman Com. of Board 

of Regents. 
J. West Martin, Sec'y pro tern. 



RESOLUTION 

OF THE 

SEiSr^TE ^MD ^SSE]Sd:BLY 

INQUIRING INTO THE 

Affairs of the University of California. 



Resolved by the Senate, the Assembly concurring, that a Joint 
Committee be appointed of three members of the Senate and five 
members of the Assembly, with power to send for persons and 
papers, to inquire and report : 

1st. What instruction has been given in Agriculture and the 
Mechanic Arts in the University of California ; whether the same 
has been defective or not; and if defective, wherein such defects 
consist, and what is the cause as well as the remedy of such 
defects. 

2d. What has been the management, by the Regents of the 
University of California, of the 150,000 acres of agricultural 
lands donated by Congress to the State of California, and by the 
State to the University ; whether the same has been defective or 
not ; and if defective, wherein such defect has existed, and what 
is the cause, as well as the remedy, of such defects. 

3d. Whether or not the Regents of the University have prop- 
erly administered the funds of the University which have been 
entrusted to them ; and if not, in what particulars. 

4th. Also, upon any other matters relating to the University 
upon which, in the opinion of the Committee, further information 
may be of use to the Legislature or the public. 

The following persons Avere appointed as the Joint Committee : 

Senate Committee — Laine, Keys, and Evans. 

Assembly Committee — Amerman, Canfield, Friedenrich, 

Meyers, and Tinnin. 



Office of the ) 

Board of Regents of the University, S 

San Francisco, March 3d, 1874. ) 

To Hon. S. H. Laine, 

Chairman of the Joint Committee, of Senate and Assembly, to 
inquire into the management of the University. 

Dear Sir : — In response to the invitation of your Committee, 
the Regents of the University beg leave to present the following 
statement of facts, in the nature of a Report. This Report was 
carefully considered at a meeting of the Board, held this day, and 
was unanimously adopted, and the Secretary was instructed to 
certify the same to you, as strictly correct in all parts and 
particulars. 

I have the honor to be. 

Very respectfully, yours, 

J. WEST MARTIN, 
Secretary 'pro te7n. of the Board of Regents. 



STATEMENTS OF THE REGENTS, 



RESPONSE TO THE FIRST mQUIRY. 



The first inquiry is as follows : 

'''First. What instruction has been given in Agriculture and the 
Mechanic Arts in the University of California ; whether the same 
has been defective or not ; and if defective, wherein such defects 
consist, and what is the cause as well as the remedy of such 
defects." 

The following papers are presented as illustrating the work of 
the University in respect to Education in Agriculture and the 
Mechanic Arts, especially the former. It is not for the Board to 
express an opinion as to whether this instruction is or is not 
" defective," but it may be proper to say that no complaint in re- 
spect to it has ever been addressed to the Board, by any student, 
parent, teacher, professor, agriculturist, or other citizen. It is safe 
to presume that the reports respecting its deficiency arise, in part at 
least, from a want of knowledge as to what has been done, as to 
what difficulties have been encountered, and as to the experience 
elsewhere on this very subject. 

/. The Requirements of the Law, 

{a) SOURCES OF THE ENDOWMENT. 

The University endowment is derived from six sources, namely : 

1. The University or Seminary Fund given by Congress, to 
California, as to other new States, for the foundation of a University. 

2. The Public Building Fund, derived like the Seminary Fund, 
from the sale of certain sections of land given by Congress to the 
State for the construction of pubHc buildings. 



8 

3. The property received from the College of California, o 
the condition of maintaining a College of Letters. This acquisition 
included the site of 160 acres, more or less, at Berkeley. 

4. The Congressional Grant of 1862, commonly called the 
'' Agricultural College Grant," given by Congress to California. 

As the purpose of this grant is often misunderstood, its exact 
terms should be observed, as stated beyond. 

5. Special grants made by the Legislature including the Tide 
Land Funds, Special Building Fund, and annual appropriations. 

6. Private gifts — among the most noteworthy, the gift of 
Toland Hall in San Francisco, and the land given by Mr. Edward 
Tompkins for a professorship. 

(6.) THE LAW OF CONGRESS. 

The fundamental law controlling one of the six sources of 
revenue by which the University is maintained, is the Congressional 
enactment of July 2, 1862, by which a certain portion of the 
public domain was given to California for the foundation of at least 
one college, the character of which is amply defined. 

It will be observed by the careful scrutiny of the enactment, that 
this law does not require the foundation of a mere college of 
agriculture, but of a liberal and comprehensive institution, in which 
the modern sciences and their applications to human industry are 
especially to be promoted, without the disparagement of any other 
culture. 

The exact words are these : The Congressional fund shall be 
applied " to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least 
one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding 
other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, 
to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and 
the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States 
may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and 
practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits 
and professions in life." 

(c.) THE CALIFORNIA LAW% EXPRESSED IN THE " ORGANIC ACT." 

The requirements of the State of California in organizing the 
University are thus stated in the " Organic Act." 



9 

*' The University shall have for its design, to provide instruction 
and complete education in all the departments of science, literature, 
art, industrial and professional pursuits, and general education ; 
and also special courses of instruction for the professions of Agricul- 
ture, the Mechanic Arts, Mining, Military Science, Qivil Engineer- 
ing, Law, Medicine and Commerce ; and shall consist of various 
colleges, namely : 

First — Colleges of Arts ; 

Second — A College of Letters ; 

Third — Such professional and other colleges as may be 
added thereto or connected therewith." 

*' The College of Agriculture shall be first established ; but in 
selecting the professors and instructors for the said College of 
Agriculture, the Regents shall, so far as in their power, select 
persons possessing such acquirements in their several vocations as 
will enable them to discharge the duties of Professors in the several 
Colleges of Mechanic Arts, of Mines, and of Civil Engineering, and 
in such other Colleges as may be hereafter established. As soon 
as practicable, a system of moderate manual labor shall be estab- 
lished in connection with the Agricultural College, and upon its 
agricultural and ornamental grounds, having for its object, practical 
education in agriculture, landscape gardening, the health of the 
students, and to afford them an opportunity by their earnings of 
defraying a portion of the expenses of their education. These 
advantages shall be open in the first instance to students in the 
College of Agriculture, who shall be entitled to a preference in that 
behalf." 

" The College of Mechanic Arts shall be next established ; and 
in organizing this, or. any other College, the same regard hereinbe- 
fore indicated, shall be had for the general acquirements of each 
professor and instructor, so that he may be able to give general and 
special instruction in as many classes and courses of instruction as 
possible ; and inasmuch as the original donation, out of which the 
plan of a State University has had its rise, was made to the State 
by virtue of the aforesaid Act of Congress, entitled an Act do- 
nating land to the several States and Territories Avhich may provide 
Colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts, ap- 
proved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, the said Board 
of Regents shall always bear in mind that the College of Agricul- 
ture and the College of Mechanic Arts are an especial object of 
their care and superintendence, and that they shall be considered 
and treated as entitled primarily to the use of the funds donated 
for their establishment and maintenance by the said Act of Con- 
gress." 



10 

(d.) THE PROYISIOXS OF THE CODE. 

The Code does not essentially change, in these particulars, the 
requirements of the Organic Act ; but, as some of the specifica- 
tions are omitted, for the sake of definiteness, the following pro- 
visions are quoted : 

Section 1385. The University of Cahfornia, located in Ala- 
meda County, has for its object general instruction and education 
in all the departments of science, literature, art, industrial and pro- 
fessional pursuits, and special instruction for the professions of 
agriculture, the mechanic arts, mining, military science, civil engi- 
neering, law, medicine, and commerce. 

Section 1386. There must be maintained in the University : 

1. A College of Letters ; 

2. Colleges of Law and Medicine ; 

3. Colleges of Arts, as follows : of Agriculture, Mines, and Civil 
Engineering ; and, 

4. Such other colleges as the Board of Regents may establish. 
Section 1387. The College of Letters must embrace a liberal 

course of instruction in language, literature, and philosophy. 

Section 1388. Each full course of instruction consists of its 
appropriate studies, and must continue for four years. 

Section 1401. A system of moderate manual labor must be 
established in connection with the Agricultural College, upon its 
agricultural and ornamental grounds, for practical education in 
agricultural and landscape gardening. 

Section 1449. A practical agriculturist, conpetent to superin- 
tend the working of the agricultural farm, and to discharge the 
duties of Secretary of the Board of Regents, must be chosen by 
Board as their Secretary. 

//. How far are ihe Requirements of the Law fulfilled? 

The requirements above quoted have been fulfilled by the Regents, 
according to their best judgment, both in the letter and in the 
spirit, and in accordance with the experience of the best institu- 
tions similarly established in other parts of the country. 

By a reference to the printed Regis*"ers of the University, it will 



11 



be seen that the College of Agriculture was first established among 
the so-called " Colleges of Arts " which the law provided for. The 
College of Letters was already in existence as the College of Cali- 
fornia, which gave up its property to the University. 

The College of Agriculture, thus first established, has been stead- 
ily maintained from its commencement, with no diminution of its 
curriculum, but with increased advantages. 

The introduction of manual labor was not possible until the re- 
moval to Berkeley, in the autumn of 1873. Those students who 
desired it — more than fifty in number — were then employed in 
work upon the grounds. 

Arrangements were also made for the removal of the Secretary's 
office and residence to the site of the University, as required by 
law ; and the services of a competent business man, familiar with 
scientific and practical agriculture, were secured in the Secretary's 
office. 

The actual condition of the courses now open to students ift 
Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts is indicated in the following, 
paper, presented to the Board of Regents by the Academic Faculty. 
It was unanimously agreed upon as a correct statement, at a meet- 
ing when all but two of the voting members were present, and thej 
afterwards expressed their entire concurrence. 

REPORT FROM THE FACULTY ON THE COURSES NOW GIVEN IN THE. 
DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. 

University of California, Oakland^ CaL, 
Feb. 28th, 1874. 
J. West Martin, Esq., 

Sec'y Board of Regents. 
Dear Sir : — The inclosed document, which you will please to lay 
before the Regents of the State University, was prepared by a 
Committee of the Faculty, in compliance with the request trans- 
mitted to the Faculty through President Oilman. After due 
consideration, this paper was unanimously adopted by the Faculty, 
as their statement of the matters brought under inquiry in the first 
of the resolutions given as instructions to the joint Legislative 
Committee of Investigation. 



12 

It may be proper to state, that at the meeting at which this 
paper was adopted, all the voting members of the Faculty were 
present, except Prof. Carr and Prof. Swinton. They subsequently 
signified their entire concurrence. Most of the non-voting mem- 
bers were present, and all of these concurred. 
I am, yours truly, 

M. Kellogg, 

Dean of Faculty. 

REPORT. 

It may be premised, that the object of the course of instruction 
given in the University in all its departments, including those of 
Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, is to furnish a broad and liberal 
culture adapted to the various callings of intelligent and educated 
citizens. With this aim in view, the course of instruction in the 
Oolleges of Agriculture and Mechanics Arts has been so arranged 
as to embrace the following subjects : 

1. All English Course : embracing the history and structure 
of the English Language ; Ancient and Modern History, Rhetoric 
and Logic. This course extends through four years. 

2. A Course in Modern Language : embracing one or more 
modern languages, extending through three or four years. 

3. A complete course of Mathematics^ as constituting the basis 
of all scientific education, extending through three years. 

4. A three years' course oi Mechanics and Physics. Mechan- 
ics embracing the principles of machinery and the manifold 
applications of Power ; Hydrostatics, Hydraulics and Pneumatics; 
Physics, embracing the principles of Heat and its various effects in 
Evaporation, Rain and Dew, etc.; the principles of the Steam 
Engine ; Electricity, Magnetism and Electro-magnetism ; Acoustics, 
Optics, and other Physical subjects, the knowledge of which is 
necessary to the intelligent farmer and mechanic. 

5. A three years' course in Natural History and Geology. 
The course in Botany embraces the Structure and Physiology of 
Plants, 2.e., how plants germinate and grow and feed. The 
nature of their food, the circulation of sap, the changes which it 
undergoes, etc. The connection of this course with Agriculture is 
close and direct. 



13 

The course in Zoology embraces Comparative Anatomy and 
Physiology, and the Laws of Reproduction in Animals. The con- 
nection of these subjects with stock-feeding and stock-breeding is 
evident. 

The relation of Geology to Agriculture is scarcely less important, 
since soils are derived from the disintegration of rocks, and their 
nature and fertility are therefore largely determined by the 
character of the country rock. 

6. A course of Chemistry^ general and analytical, embrac- 
ing qualitative and quantitative analysis and laboratory work. The 
importance of this course, as forming the basis of scientific agricul- 
ture and many branches of arts, is evident. This extends from 
two to four years. 

7. A course of Engineering and Surveying^ which is important 
in its applications to irrigation and reclamation of lands. 

8. Courses in Astronomy, Physical Geography, and Political 
Economy. 

9. Besides these eight courses, which provide such a liberal 
culture as every educated citizen should possess, and many portions 
of which have a close connection with practical agricultural and 
mechanical arts, a special course is given to the students in the 
Agricultural College^ by the Professor of Agriculture, on the sub- 
jects relating more specifically to that department. 

No special instruction is given in Applied Mechanics, except such 
as is given in the course of Mechanics and Physics, as no instructor 
has been provided for this department. 

Tne special instruction in Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is still 
deficient in desirable completeness. To meet this deftciency, the 
following suggestions are made : 

1. Facilities for scientific and practical experiments in Agricul- 
ture and Horticulture^ including Botanic garden and an Arbore- 
tum. 

2. Instruction in Economic Botany and Zoology^ including the 
study of insects injurious to vegetation, as recommended in the re- 
ports of the Regents. 

3. Special instruction in applied Mechanics, as already recom- 
mended in the report of the Regents, pp. 29 and 30. 



14 



Special Infomaiion in respect to the College of Agriculture, 

In order to throw as much light as possible on the subject of 
Agricultural Education in the University, the Secretary of the 
Board addressed the following letter to Dr. Carr, Professor of 
Agriculture : 

LETTER TO THE PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURE. 

Dear Sir : The Regents desire you to furnish, at your very 
earliest convenience, a statement of the instructions which you now 
give as a Professor in the University, a statement of what you re- 
gard as feasible for the improvement of the instructions in Agri- 
culture and Horticulture, together with any and all information at 
your command which may lead to a full discussion of the subject 
of Agricultural Education in California. 

They especially desire to know whether the statements respecting 
Agricultural Education in our University, in the memorial of the 
Farmers' Granges to the Legislature, are correct : and if not, in what 
particulai's they are incorrect. 

Yours etc., J. West Martin, 

Secretary pro tem. 

RESPONSE FROM THE PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURE. 

Gentlemen of the Board of Regents : Your letter, request- 
ing me to furnish a statement of what my instruction now is, what 
I regard as feasible for its improvement, and whether the state- 
ments of the memorialists are true respecting Agricultural Educa- 
tion in the University, is received. 

I am now giving instruction as follows : Two lectures a week on 
Agricultural Chemistry, to the Junior Class ; two ditto to the Sen- 
ior Class, on Agriculture and Horticulture ; and one each week on 
Hygiene, to the Freshman Class, as follows : 

" The special studies in the Agricultural Course Avill include, in 
the Junior year, the chemical composition of agricultural plants ; 
the plant, as an organism, adapted to perform a certain work ; the 



15 

material when wrought ; the forces by which the work is accom- 
phshed ; the relation of the plant to the atmosphere (agricultural 
meteorology) and to the soil ; the nature, origin, and composition 
of the soil. The Senior studies will include tillage, irrigation, drain- 
age, reclamation of land, field crops, sheep and cattle husbandry, 
forestry and arboriculture, sericulture, fruit and other special cult- 
ures, household and rural economies ; together with a part of the 
lectures mentioned under the preceding year." 

' What I regard as feasible, and imperatively necessary, is, first : 
The adoption of a plan of operations for the practical development 
of the Department. See communication to the Board of Sept, 
lOtb, 1872; also Sept. 3d, 1870, May 5th, 1870, and plan of 
grounds submitted to President Oilman last year. See further re- 
port of your special committee, July 16th, 1872, (the apportion- 
ment of land may require modification) recommending 

" That an annual appropriation of $500 be made for the pur- 
chase of seeds, etc., of our indigenous vegetation, for home use, 
exchanges, etc. 

"That an annual appropriation of $500 be made for the purchase 
and introduction of fruit trees not existing in this State, 

" That a greenhouse and small propagating house be erected. 

" That a competent gardener be appointed. 

" That it shall be the duty of the Professor of Agriculture to su- 
perintend these operations, etc." 

To this I would add, that I consider it important not to lose an- 
other season of growth, and that the labor of students be utilized 
with a view to confer skill in the pursuits of Agriculture and Horti- 
culture. 

2d. The employment of experts in special cultures, as the vine, 
silk, fish, in Veterinary Science, Agricultural Entomology; and the 
Mechanics of Agriculture, to give from three to fifteen lectures 
annually on each of the above specialties. 

3d. The holding at the University of an annual Farmers' Insti- 
tute, for discussions and comparisons of views and methods, as has 
been done at other agricultural colleges (especially Illinois ; see 
State reports). It has been my aim, in carrying out the spirit f f 
your resolution of 1870, to draw the attention of agriculturists to 
the University as their intellectual center. 



16 

Through what I believe has been considered a wise and Hberal 
policy on the part of the Board, I have been able to study the agri- 
culture of California with considerable detail, and to form an opin- 
ion of what agricultural education should be here. Our products 
are so varied and our opportunities so great, that we shall in time 
require much more instruction than the University can furnish. I 
would advise that we hmit ourselves at Berkeley to the practical 
illustration of the subjects theoretically taught. 

During the prolonged visit of Marshall P. Wilder, Downing, etc., 
to this Coast, I had the benefit of his judgment and experience. 
He thought our grounds Avere well adapted to exhibit our horticult- 
ural possibilities. He said : " There is no reason why your Agri- 
cultural College should not draw students from every part of the 
country, and furnish a complete series of object lessons for the most 
advanced scholars." 

To the heat of my knowledge and beliefs we should have as many 
agricultural students in proportion to our population as the statistics 
of other agricultural colleges show, if the means at your command 
had enabled you to carry out the provisions of the Organic Act. 

All the above recommendations are made on the supposition that 
the ap)propriations asked for hy the memorialists are made^ and 
that " they do not expect this to be accomplished at once," but to 
be " reached with proper economy and dispatch." 

Respecting " Statements in regard to Agricultural Education in 
the Memorial," etc. 

The only questionable statement, as far as I know, is contained 
in this paragraph : " We find that of the monthly appropriation 
(86,000) for the regular expenses, only one-twentieth is now de- 
voted to the Agricultural Department, and that one Professor is 
now discharging all the duties of instruction on the subjects specially 
relating to it." Mr. Baxter, one of the memorialists, explains that 
they simply state that our special Agricultural Instruction employs 
one Professor and one-twentienth of the funds ; not that the Agri- 
cultural students do not share the instruction common to all the col- 
leges. This should have been more explicitly stated. Thus under- 
stood, the statement is correct. 

In conclusion, I would say, that whatever differences of opinion 
may exist with regard to the scope of Agricultural Education, I am 



17 

convinced that there has never been a time when the sentiments of 
the people of the State, expressed through effectual organizations 
or otherwise, were so favorable to the University in all its depart- 
ments. Of this, the last clause of the memorial is sufficient proof. 
Respectfully yours, 

Ezra S. Cakr, 

Professor of Agriculture, 
Oakland, February 26th, 1874. 



INSTRUCTION ON SUBJECTS RELATED TO MECHANIC ARTS. 

The term " Mechanic Arts," as used in the Congressional Grant 
of 1862, has been generally considered to mean the various 
branches of human industry which are closely dependent on the 
progress of exact knowledge. Mechanism and machinery, the ap- 
plication of power to the production of material things, are founded 
upon the sciences of Mathematics, Physics, and Theoretical Me- 
chanics. There is no good polytechnic school, or higher school of 
mechanics, in which these underlying subjects are not taught. They 
have received full attention in the University of CaUfornia. The 
apparatus has been new and good ; the courses of instruction have 
been comprehensive and extensive ; the effort has been made to 
teach principles with thoroughness, and at the same time to show, 
as far as possible, the application of these principles to the various 
industries of society. It is true, that there are no shops connected 
with the University, nor is it certain that any can be successfully 
attached to the institution without incurring very large expense. 
But there are abundant opportunities in the neighborhood of the 
University — especially in San Francisco — to witness the great in- 
dustrial undertakings, and to study the actual condition of mechan- 
ical enterprise. 

The Engineering studies of the University are closely related to 
the Mechanic Arts. These studies are not restricted to the meas- 
urement of land and the survey of the country, but they include 
the strength of materials, the principles of construction, the work 
of the architect and builder, the supply of water, and the control 
of water-power, drainage and sewage, the development of mines, 
9 



18 



and a score of other topics, in which the appHcation of mathemat- 
ics to strong and solid structures is involved. 

The work of i^/is department has been thus set forth. It ^ill be 
noticed that in addition to the re^^ilar teachers, gentlemen who are 
expert in specialties are ready to co-operate with the University. 

CIVIL ENGINEERING. 

The course in Civil Engineering is so arranged as to meet the 
wants both of those who wish for a four years' course, (including 
other scientific and literary studies, and leading to the degree of 
Bachelor of Philosophy) and also of those who wish merely to 
pursue special studies in Engineering. Arrangements are likewise 
made for the advanced instruction of graduates of this and other 
institutions, who may, if they desire it, become candidates for the 
degree of Civil Engineer. 

For the four years' course, the requirements are fully stated in 
the University Register^ where the mathematical, scientific, and 
literary studies of the entire course are also enumerated. Students 
who pursue this course, (which is recommended to all who can take 
the time) begin their Engineering studies in the third or junior 
year. 

Special studies of Engineering must satisfy the Professors that 
they are familiar with Algebra, Plane and Solid Geometry, Plane 
and Analytical Trigonometry, Spherical Geometry and Trigonome- 
try, and Analytical Geometry and Descriptive Geometry, which are 
the mathematical studies pursued in the earlier part of the four 
years' course, and are essential to higher studies. 

The special engineering studies begin with the Surveying Course, 
which can also be taken by those persons not desirous of other in- 
struction in Engineering, provided they are familiar with the be- 
fore-mentioned mathematics, not including Analytical Geometry 
nor Descriptive Geometry. 

The Course includes Land Surveying, with chain alone, with 
compass, theodolite ; Hydrography, Road and Railroad Surveying. 
Simultaneously, the study of Differential and Integral Calculus is 
pursued. 

The theoretical instruction of the class room is continually sup- 



19 

plemented by practical exercises, surveys, etc., in the field, and by 
excursions for making itineraries, sketches, and general views of 
sections of the country, etc. 

In the following year, the properties and strength of building 
materials are discussed and investigated. Stone-cutting, Iso- 
metrical Projections, and Working Drawings for constructions of 
Masonry are included ; and this is followed by instruction in Fram- 
ing and Bridge Building, and in the Mechanics of Engineering. 

The plotting of and working up of the field notes, surveys, etc., 
made during the practical exercises of the year, will be completed 
in connection with the other instruction of this department. 

Advanced students take up the subjects of geodetic and hydro- 
graphic surveys, with construction of maps of extensive tracts of 
country, river, lake, and harbor improvements ; drainage of cities 
and districts ; analyses and discussions of the most remarkable en- 
gineering constructions ; original plans and estimates, and solution 
of practical problems. 

In addition to the Professors at Berkeley, Professor George Da- 
vidson, Chief of the United States Coast Survey on the Pacific, 
will instruct the advanced students in the methods and instruments 
employed by the United Coast Survey, in the determination of 
longitude by telegraph, and in certain astronomical problems. 

Mr. Wm. Hammond Hall, Engineer of the Golden Gate Park, 
San Francisco, will illustrate in the office and in the field some of 
the principles and methods of Landscape Engineering. 

Mr. James D. Hague, Mining Engineer, will instruct the class 
in the methods of Mining Engineering, as showm in the mining 
works of the Comstock lode, as described by him for the United 
States Government in the " Mining Industry of the Fortieth Par- 
allel." 

Prof. Charles F. Hoffman, Topographical Engineer of the State 
Geological Survey, will explain to the class the topographical work 
of the California Survey. 

Illustrative models, diagrams, etc., are employed to facilitate in- 
struction, and the course will be made as practical as possible by 
the investigation of hypothetical cases, the solution of original 
problems, and by excursions to prominent engineering structures 



20 

within reach, such as the Navy Yard, pubHc buildings, the dry 
dock forts in the harbor of San Francisco. 

As an illustration of the exact worth of this branch of the Uni- 
versity, the examination paper is appended for a single term, on 
the subject aforesaid. Other subjects are treated with like ful- 
ness. 

1. According to Mr. Scott Russell's formula, what will be the 
resistance to motion of a train of cars weighing 150 tons, with a 
frontage of 75 feet, moving at 20 miles per hour over a straight 
and level road ? What will be the total resistance of a 20-ton 
locomotive, when drawing the above train ? 

2. A locomotive weighing 18 tons, with a tender of 12 tons, 
can move a train of 400 tons at 12 miles per hour on a straight 
and level road. What load can it draw up an ascent of 14 feet i:o 
the mile, at the same rate of speed ? 

3. Make a drawing of the plain, elevation, and cross-section 
of a railway having continuous bearings, combined with cross-ties. 
Compare this system with that employing supports at intervals. 

4. What is the principle upon which atmospheric railways 
depend for their power ? What is the chief obstacle to be over- 
come in their construction ? What are their advantages and dis- 
advantages ? 

5. When are tunnels necessary in railroad construction ? De- 
duce a formula giving the depth at which a cutting should change 
to a tunnel. 

6. What are the causes of the increased resistance to motion 
on railroad curves ? To what is this increase assumed to be pro- 
portional ? If the total curvature in the Central Pacific Railroad 
amounts to 27,480°, to Avhat additional length of road is it equival- 
ent. 

7. Discuss the tractive power of a locomotive as limited by ad- 
hesion. How may it be increased ? What would be the limit, 
from this cause, of the tractive power of a locomotive weighing 20 
tons, f on the driving wheels, 4 in number ; if the train was to as- 
cend an incline of one in seven=8° i, nat. sin. =.14349 ? What 
would be the loss of power Avith a horse ? Why ? 

8. What is the scale of declivity of a line ? What is its use ; 
and how is it constructed? State the same with regard to a plane. 

9. Describe the geometrical formation by cylinders, of the sof- 
fits of the groined, and the cloistered arches. How are the cen- 
ters, or supports of their masonry, constructed, knowing the diam- 
eters of the soffits ? 



21 

10. What are the advantages possessed by straight over curved 
Imes of railways ? What is the maximum expenditure justifiable in 
straightening a railway? What are the recommendations of 
curves ? How do the traffic and character of the engines on a 
road determine the depths of its cuttings and embankments ? 

FURTHER PLANS FOR INSTRUCTION IN MECHANIC ARTS. 

To popularize the work of the University, the Regents instituted, 
at the begining of their work, six courses of lectures in San Fran- 
cisco, adapted, as far as possible, to the needs of intelligent me- 
chanics, teachers, and others, who are there desirous of adding to 
their knowledge of modern science. Five of these courses have 
been given, and have been well attended by those for whom they 
were designed. 

It was not supposed that these courses would do more than serve 
a temporary purpose, but it was hoped that they would lead to the 
foundation in San Francisco of a Polytechnic School, or School of 
the Useful Arts. During the present winter, a member of the 
Board of Regents, who has taken the liveliest interest in this branch 
of education, and who appreciated the incompleteness of what is 
now doing, secured from a number of gentlemen the guarantoe for 
two years of a sum of money sufficient to begin a school of this sort, 
on a comprehensive foundation, independent of, and yet affiliated 
with, the University. 

As the result of much thought and consultation, the following; 
scheme was proposed and approved by the parties interested in the- 
project : 

1. Let the donors give their money to three or five Trustees,. 
Avho shall dispense and account for all sums paid out, and manage 
the whole enterprise. 

2. Let a Council of seven men advise these Trustees as to the 
best mode of executing the details of the plan. 

3. Let a man of scientific education, who is also acquainted 
with the industrial applications of science, and who is in hearty 
sympathy with the desires of the common people, be made the Di- 
rector of the School. 

4. Let him, with the approval of the Trustees, select assistant 



22 

teachers, from five to ten in number, to give instruction in the va- 
rious branches of industrial science and art. 

5. Let the Trustees provide also for popular lectures, illustrated 
as far as possible, before small and large audiences, on the most re- 
cent and useful discoveries adapted to the wants of common life. 

6. Let the instruction be given in evenings, at early morning 
hours, or holidays, in vacations ; and let it be given in short 
courses running through a certain number of weeks or months, so 
as to supplement as far as possible the public schools, and all other 
existing institutions. 

7. Let rooms be hired in central and convenient places, 
adapted for lectures, class-rooms, and work-shops ; and let them be 
equipped with a moderate amount of implements, tools, and 
apparatus. 

8. Let special provision be made for instruction — 

(a) In Chemistry, as it relates to metal-working, assaying, 
electro-plating, bleaching, dyeing, and other branches of man- 
ufacture. 

(6) Tn Mechanics, in relation to the principles of the steam- 
engine, the turbine, the hydraulic press, the loom, the lathe, and 
other mechanisms. 

(6') In Industrial Drawing, especially as it relates to the con- 
struction ol' buildings, machines, engines, etc. 

(c?) In the study of the Earth and its resources, especially in 
the study of California, its cUmate, mineral wealth, vegetation, 
commerce, etc. 

(e) In Domestic and Political Economy, the conditions of social 
and individual happiness. 

9. Let the Trustees and Council especially seek the co-op- 
eration of the University of Cahfornia, and the Mechanics' Institute 
of San Francisco, so as to utilize as far as possible, the professors, 
the apparatus, the museums, and the libraries already provided. 

CHEMISTRY. 

Chemistry, like Natural Philosophy, is indispensable in any 
course of instruction which relates to the Mechanic Arts. Metal- 
lurgy, Assaying, Agriculture, and almost all departments of manu- 



23 

facturing industry, are more or less dependent upon the progress of 
chemical knowledge. This subject has, therefore, received from 
the Board fall consideration, and the laboratories provided at 
Berkeley are, in all respects, admirably adapted for instruction in 
this fundamental science. 

Instruction is given in general and theoretical chemistry by lec- 
tures, recitations, and laboratory practice. This course extends 
through three terms ; one in Freshman year, and two in Sopho- 
more year ; and embraces the elements of inorganic and organic 
chemistry. Students, after making themselves familiar with the 
details of experiments, are required to repeat the same in the lab- 
oratory for elementary chemistry. 

An advanced course of lectures Avill be given to students of the 
Junior and Senior Classes in general and theoretical chemistry. 
This course will embrace a discussion of the general principles of 
the science, and their application to analytical and metallurgical 
chemistry, and to mineralogy. 

The chemical laboratories will be opened daily for instruction in 
analytical chemistry. 

The course of instruction in qualitative analysis will include the 
analysis of simple and complex substances in the wet way, their 
analysis by the use of the blow-pipe and flame reactions, and the 
determination of minerals with the blow-pipe. Students will be 
required to keep a careful record of their work, and to submit the 
same to the inspection of the Professor. Upon passing a satisfac- 
tory examination in qualitative analysis, students may pass to the 
quantitative laboratory. 

In the quantitative laboratory, instruction will be given in the 
quantitative gravimetric analysis of simple and complex salts, min- 
erals, ashes of plants, mineral waters, etc. : in volumetric analysis, 
including acidimetry, alkolimetry, chlorimetry, etc. ; in organic 
analysis ; in gas analysis ; in the preparation from inorganic and 
organic compounds, and in the carrying out of original investiga- 
tions. 

Students taking the course of chemistry will be expected to 
spend at least fifteen hours a week in the laboratory during Junior 
year, and twenty hours a week during Senior year. 

Students who, for satisfactory reasons, do not wish to take the 



24 

full course, may enroll themselves with the Professor of Chemistry 
as special students. Students wishing to take a post-graduate 
course will find an abundant opportunity for pursuing theii' studies. 

Every opportunity possible is made use of to give instruction 
in those branches of chemistry which have a practical application 
to the arts. 

A room for the study of photography, in connection with the 
chemical laboratory, will be opened as soon as the necessary appa- 
ratus can be supplied. 

Practical instruction in electro-metallurgy will be given to such 
students as desire it. 

So far as practical, students will be employed in the preparation 
of chemicals used in the laboratories ; the object being to give 
them as much practice in manufacturing chemistry as is possible. 

Special training in the analysis of mineral waters will be given 
to such of the advanced students in chemistry as may desire it. 

Careful lists of waste products, minerals, etc., which may be 
utilized, will be kept, and students instructed in methods of saving 
them. 



25 



RESPONSE TO THE SECOND INQUIRY. 



Management of the Agricultural College Lands. 



" Second. What has been the management by the Regents of 
the 150,000 acres of Agricultural Lands donated by Congress to the 
State of California ; whether the same has been defective or not ; 
and if defective, wherein such defect has existed, and what is the 
cause as well as the remedy of snch defects ? " 

By the Organic Act creating the University, the Board of Re- 
gents were invested with full powers to locate and sell the Agri- 
cultural College Lands " for such price, and on such terms only, as 
they shall prescribe." 

The first step taken by the Board for the sale of these lands was 
the passage of the following resolution, on the twenty-seventh of 
August, 1868. 

'•'• Resolved, That warrants be prepared in such manner and 
form as the Law Committee may decide to be legal and proper, 
authorizing the holder to locate one hundred and sixty (160) acres 
of land, as a portion of the 150,000 acres granted to this State by 
the Act of Congress of July 2d, 1862 ; that these warrants be 
numbered from No. 1 to No. 60, inclusive ; that a minimum price 
be fixed by the Board of Regents, and that the Secretary be then 
authorized to invite proposals for the purchase of these warrants by 
advertisement for thirty or sixty days." 

At the same meeting, the minimum price oP these lands was fixed 
at $5 per acre, in gold coin. After full advertisement, no bids 
were received for the purchase of these land warrants. 

On the tenth of November, the Board authorized the Secretary to 
sell, at private sale, the 9,600 acres previously advertised, at a price 
not less than 85 per acre in gold coin. 

Under this authority, but four warrants, calling in the aggregate 
for 640 acres, were sold. 
3 



It soon became apparent that the lands conld not be sold, through 
the medium of land warrants, at $5 per acre, all cash. 

On the second of March, 1869, the Board received a proposition 
from a responsible party to purchase the entire grant of 150,000 
acres at ^3.50 per acre in gold. 

This proposition was declined. 

Finding all efforts to dispose of the lands by sale of warrants, 
and by private contract, unavailing, and the area of desirable public 
lands, subject to location, rapidly diminishing, the Board entered 
into a contract with three experienced surveyors and land experts, 
(Messrs. John 0. Hays, G. Howard Thompson, and H. A. Higley) 
authorizing them, as locating agents of the University, to locate the 
150,000 acres of land — they to receive for their compensation a 
percentage upon the price per acre for which the lands might be after- 
wards sold, and they to pay all the expenses of location. 

This step, it will be obsoi-vcd, contemplated the obtaining of title 
to certain fixed tracts of land, and holding the same for a market. 

Under this contract, several thousand acres of land Avere located 
in the Tulare Valley ; but as they were subsequently, for good 
reasons, abandoned, no progress was made thereby in the disposition 
of the grant. 

On the eighth of October, 1869,the Board appointed H. A. Hig- 
ley Land Agent of the University, with authority to sell the College 
lands at $0 per acre in gold coin, of which twenty per cent, should 
be paid in cash, and a credit allowed for the remaining eighty per 
cent., with interest on the unpaid balance, payable in advance, at 
the rate of ten (10) per cent, per annum. 

Even on these favorable terms, but slow progress was made in 
the disposition of the lands. The sales languished, and finally 
almost ceased ; while the available public lands were becoming rap- 
idly absorbed by pre-emption, by railroad grants, and by location of 
the cheap college scrip of other States, and of other land scrip of 
various kinds. 

Unless further legislation could be obtained, it was apparent the 
grant could not be sold at $5 per acre in coin. 

The Regents set themselves to work, with zeal, to procure such 
further legislation from Congress. With that view, they drew up 
i)iQ projet of a bill, which they transmitted in December, 1869, to 



27 

our Senators and Representatives in Congress, and asked their in- 
fluence to procure the passage of the same. 

This bill contained special privileges to be conferred upon the 
State of California, in the manner of locating its grant — and on 
this account strong opposition was made to its passage. 

It was not until March 3d, 1871, that the bill was finally passed 
by Congress, and this only through the extraordinary efforts made 
by the Regents, backed by the united influence of our Delegation 
in Congress. 

This bill provided, among other things : 

1st. That the State should have the right to make its selections 
" from any lands within its limits, subject to preemption, settlement, 
entry, sale, or location, under any laws of the United States," thus 
removing many restrictions, and greatly enlarging the area for 
location. 

2d. Permitting the State to make a selection for the smallest 
legal subdivison, to wit : for forty acres. This was a valuable priv- 
ilege, as prior to the passage of this Act, the smallest tract that 
could be located was one hundred and sixty acres, and the regulations 
of the General Land Office required that even this amount should 
be a technical quarter-section. It would not permit the location of 
two eighty acre tracts, though adjoining, if in separate quarter- 
sections. 

Under the operation of this provision, three hundred and forty- 
one separate applications have been made for tracts of forty and 
eighty acres each. 

od. Under the law, as it formerly existed, in case lands wore 
selected within the limits of a railroad reservation, commonly 
known as double minimum lands, the State was compelled to sur- 
render two acres of its grant for every acre located, and the pur- 
chaser was therefore compelled to pay $10 per acre. This prac- 
tically put a stop to the sale of double minimum lands. 

The new law, in such a case, permits the State to select lands 
within a railroad reservation, acre for acre, paying to the United 
States the sum of f5l.25 per acre for each acre so selected. The 
effect was to reduce the price of such lands from f 10 an acre to 
$6.25 per acre. 



28 

But the most important provision of the Act was the following : 
" That where lands sought to b ; selected for the Agricultural 
College are iinsurveyed^ the pro], authorities of the State shall 
file a statement to that effect, with ihe Register of the U. S. Land 
Office, describing the land by township and range, and shall make 
application to the U. S. Surveyor- General for a survey of the same. 
* * * * * He shall, as soon as possible, have the said lands sur- 
veyed, and the township plats returned to the U. S. Land Office, 
and lands so surveyed and returned shall, for thirty days after the 
filing of the plats in the U. S. Land Office, be held exclusively for 
location for the Agricultural College ; and within said thirty days 
the proper authorities of the State shall make application to the U. 
S. Land Office for the lands sought to be located by sections and 
parts of sections : provided^ that any rights, under the preemption 
or homestead laws, acquired prior to the fihng of the required state- 
ment with the U. S. Register, shall not be impaired or affected by 
this Act." 

Under the operation of this Act, a demand for the college lands 
rapidly sprang up, and through its instrumentality the entire grant 
has been disposed of on the terms fixed by the Regents. 

Terms of Sale. 

The rate charged is, for single minimum lands $5 per acre, and 
for double minimum lands $6.25 per acre, in gold coin. 

On the latter, however, the Regents are required to pay to the 
U. S. Receiver iL25 per acre, in addition to the surrender of an 
acre of their grant. The Regents receive this $L25 per acre 
from purchasers, in gold, and pay it in currency to the Receiver ; 
thus realizing a profit of about 12^ cents per acre, over and above 
the fixed price of $5, to assist in defraying the expenses of admin- 
istration. 

The Act of Congress making this grant requires that the State 
shall pay all such expenses. 

Credii Allowed. 

If purchasers prefer, they are permitted to pay twenty per cent. 
(20 per cent.) or $1.00 per acre in cash, and are allowed a credit 



29 

for the remaining eighty per cent. (80 per cent.) or $4.00 per 
acre, the unpaid balance bearing interest at the rate of ten per 
cent. (10 per cent.) per annum, payable in advance. 

Each applicant is required to sign an agreement that he will pay 
in full, after the expiration of five years from the date of his appli- 
cation, and after one year's notice, when demanded by the Land 
Agent ; and if all the conditions of the agreement are not complied 
with, then the lands to revert to the University without suit, and 
any approval of the application to become null and void. In the 
case of double minimum lands, surveyed, it was, at first, the prac- 
tice to exact of the purchaser but f 1.25 per acre, or 20 per cent. 
of $6.25, (the price per acre) the hope being indulged that the 
Federal Government might be induced to remit to the University 
the payment of the excess of $1.25 per acre, required to be paid on 
this class of lands. 

This hope was dissipated some six months ago by the instructions 
of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, notifying the 
U. S. Land Offices for California, that title would not be made to 
the State for double minimum lands unless this excess of $1.25 per 
acre was prepaid. 

Since that time the Eegents, have required from purchasers a 
cash payment of $2.25 per acre on such lands — being $1.00 or 
20 per cent of $5.00, for the University, and $1.25, the excess to 
be paid to the Federal Government. 

Parties are allowed to pay up, in full, either at the time the 
Regents are prepared to make title to them, or at any subsequent 
time. 

It should be borne in mind, that in all cases the title to these lands 
is obtained in the name of the Regents of the University, and re- 
mains in their name until full payment is made. Then, and not 
until then, title is issued by patent to the purchaser. 

When parties avail themselves of the credit allowed, a certificate 
of purchase is issued to them after they have paid up 20 per cent, 
of the price — interest in advance from the date of approval of their 
location by the Land Agent, to the succeeding first of January, and 
$8.00 fees. These fees are paid into the Treasury of the Univer- 
sity at the time the certificate of purchase is issued, and with 
other items of revenue, which will be explained by and by, realize 



30 

a sum more than sufficient to defray all the expenses of administra- 
tion. 

For some time, purchasers were not required to pay the twenty 
per cent., or first installment, until the Land Agent had obtained 
title, in the nam: of the Regents, for the lands sought, and notified 
the applicant of that fact. But experience soon showed that this 
practice was unwise. It left it to the option of the applicant to 
take the lands or not. as convenience or interest miojht dictate, 
without apprehension of loss from failure to fulfill his contract. 
The rule was, therefore, speedily established, that the applicant 
should give security to the extent of 81 per acre, at least, that he 
would take and pay for the lands, if the Regents should succeed in 
procuring title to same. 

He is now required, as a condition precedent, to furnish the 
Land Agent with a certificate of deposit, which, on its face, shall 
state that he has deposited an amount equivalent to one dollar (81) 
per acre, to the credit of the Regents of the University, payable 
when endorsed by said Regents. This, bear in mind, is not a pay- 
ment, it is only a security ; and is held by the Land xVgent until the 
Register of the Land Office accepts or rejects the application. 

If the application is accepted, the certificate of deposit is en- 
dorsed by the Regents, and then, for the first time, it becomes a 
payment. It is paid to the Treasurer of the L^niversity, and be- 
comes a part of the Land Fund. 

If, on the other hand, the appUcation is rejected by the L". S. 
Register, the certificate is endorsed by the Regents back to the 
order of the depositor or applicant, and this is the end of the trans- 
action. 

Sometimes an application is accepted for part of the lands aj>- 
plied for, and rejected for another part. In this case, the original 
certificate is subdivided into two new certificates, one of which is 
endorsed to the order of the applicant, and the other paid into the 
Treasury of the University. 

This statement covers the whole financial system. 

Precautions Taken io Profecf Settlers. 

In the management of this Grant, it has been the anxious desire 
of the Regents throughout, to avoid all contests with bona fide 



occupants of land, even though said occupants, throu«:h neglect or 
ignorance, may have taken no steps to perfect their equitable 
rights 

It is, of course, iuipracticable for the Land Agent to examine each 
of the numerous parcels of land applied for. He cannot know, of 
his own knowledge, therefore, whether parties other than the ap- 
plicants have made improvements thereon or not ; but, under the 
instructions of the Regents, he takes all reasonable precautions to 
ascertain the fact. 

Before an application is received, the a[)plicant is required to 
subscribe and swear to the following Affidavit, before some officer 
competent to administer an oath. 

" I, , of County, State of 

California, being duly sworn, depose and say that I am n citizen of 
the United States, and a resident of the State of California, of law- 
ful age ; that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there are no 
legal or equitable claims of any kind to the above described land, 
nor any occui)ati()n of, nor any improvements upon the same, under 
any legal or equitable title other than those of the applicant ; and 
that the above described lands are not timbered lands, and that 
each legal subdivision in the above described tracts is more valuable 
as agricultural than as mineral land. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this day of 

, 187-. 



Witness my hand 



If the lands should happen to be timbered, the clause " and that 
the above described lands are not timbered lands" is stricken from 
the affidavit. In such cases, special arrangements are made, Avhich 
will be explained presently. 

With this affidavit in hand, the Land Agent then applies to the 
Register of the U. S. Land Office for the District in which the land 
is situated, to locate, in the name of the Regents of the University, 
as part of the Agricultural College Grant to California, the parcel 



82 

of land, described by section, township, and range, which the appli- 
cant desires to purchase. 

Even though upon the books of the Register the land appears 
free and open to location, he retains the application of the Regents 
for ninety days after its receipt, in his office, without action. This, 
to give any party having equitable claims to said land an opportu- 
nity to make his entry, and prove up his claim. If, at the expira- 
tion of ninety days, no counter claimant appears, the Register ac- 
cepts the application on behalf of the University, notifies the De- 
partment in Washington of such acceptance, and also the Land 
Agent of the University. 

The latter, even then, does not issue title to the applicant, but 
as a measure of extra precaution, to give equitable claimants, if 
any, every possible opportunity to secure their rights, retains the 
Register's acceptance still thirty days more in his hands. 

If, at the expiration of that time, no other claimant appears, a 
certificate of purchase is issued to the applicant. 

From this statement, it will appear that the shortest time in 
which an applicant can procure title is four months from the date 
of his application — in practice, it is oftener six months. We re- 
spectfully submit, that having due regard to the efficient manage- 
ment of this Grant, it is impossible for the Regents to adopt any 
more effective precautions to protect the rights of unknown counter 
claimants. It has been their policy and their practice, as long as 
the matter remains subject to their control, which is up to the time 
of the approval of a location by their Land Agent, (after which a 
contract exists which they cannot invalidate) to abandon, whenever 
they can do so, in justice to the applicant, any and every location, 
where a claimant appears with even a faint show of equitable right. 



Timbered Lands. 

In case the lands applied for are timbered, the purchaser must 
either pay in full ; or, if he claims a credit for eighty per cent., 
he must, before title is issued to him, furnish a bond with approved 
sureties, to secure the payment of the unpaid balance. 



Unsurveyed Lands. 

The University has since the passage of the Act of March 3, 
1871, had the right to locate upon unsurveyed lands. 

At the inception of their administration, no deposit was exacted 
from applicants for this class of lands, but they were informed that 
applicants for surveyed lands would always be preferred, even 
though later comers, and that we should not hold ourselves bound 
to furnish them title if the Grant should be exhausted at the time 
their survey might be completed. 

Availing themselves of their privilege, parties two or three years 
ago applied for more than 200,000 acres of unsurveyed lands — 
some of them for very large tracts. These applications are, now,, 
of no practical interest, as the parties have never taken steps to< 
have the lands surveyed, and as the Grant is now exhausted, they 
could not obtain title if they were to show that the surveys, have: 
since been made. 

Under the Act of Congress, approved March 3d, 1871, the Re- 
gents obtained the right to secure title to unsurveyed lands, by ap- 
plying to the U. S. Surveyor-General for an order of survey, and 
notifying the Register of their intention to locate such lands, de- 
scribing them by township and range. 

Under the law, this gives them the exclusive privilege of locat- 
ing the lands applied for, for a period of thirty days after the plats 
of survey are filed in the Register's oflfice. 

All parties applying for unsurveyed lands, under the provisions 
of this Act, have been for some time past required to furnish the 
same certificate of deposit to the credit of the Regents of the 
University, as in the case of applicants for surveyed lands. 

In all such instances, it is believed the applicants are acting in 
good faith, and will take and pay for their lands when the surveys 
are completed. 

Amount Realized. 

The total amount of cash received to date, as principal from the 
sale of College Lands, is 1114,025.47. Of this amount, $79,709.96 
is deposited by the Treasurer of the University in the Bank of Cal- 
4 



34 

ifomia, bearing interest at the rate of six per cent. (6 per cent.) 
per annnm. The remainder, •$34,315.51 was temporarily invested 
in the purchase of four full bloclvS, with extensive improvements, 
in the heart of the gix)wing city of Oakland — ^being the pro|)erty 
forn?erly owned by the College of California and the Brayton Es- 
tate. This property is subject to a mortgage of 850,000, bearing 
interest at the rate of nine per cent, per annum. 

It has cost, to date, including 'Ml,386.25 paid as interest on 
the mortgage, the sum of •$112,476.25, and is valued by the most 
competent experts at a minimum of 8150,000. By many it is 
rated even higher. 

Since the removal of the University to Berkeley, this property 
is no longer essential. It is gix>wing in value, however, year by 
year. Should it be deemed best to dispose of it, it will realize a 
sum, say 8150,000 at least ; sufficient to pay off the mortgage of 
•^50,000, to repay the land fund the 834,315.51 borrowed, and leave 
a surplus of ^5,684.49, yielding in the shape of profit a far larger 
interest upon the amount of the land fund invested, than could pos- 
sibly have been derived from any ordinary safe investment. 

Only the interest upon the principal of the land fund can be used 
for the payment of current expenses. The total interest collected 
to date, on this account, is -832,221.57, 



85 



EXHIBIT. 

The following is a detailed exhibit, showing the number of acres 
of Agricultural Lands sold, and the amount received therefor : 

9,694 acres land sold at I5 per acre $ 48,470 00 

346 74-100 acres sold at $6.25 per acre 2,167 ^5 

21,436 66-100 acres sold at $5 per acre, -upon which 20 per 
cent, was paid, and balance on time, bearing 10 per 
cent, interest per annum 21,436 66 

15,034 86-100 acres sold at $6.25 per acre, upon which 20 
per cent, was paid, balance on time, bearing- interest at 
10 per cent, per annum. 18,703 41 

4,031 65-100 acres sold at ^5, upon which 20 per cent was 

paid, and balance afterward paid in full 4»03i 65 

Balance 80 per cent, subsequently paid on same 16,126 60 

480 acres sold at $6.25 per acre, upon which 20 per cent. 

was paid, and balance afterward paid in full 600 00 

Balance 80 per cent, on same 2,400 00 

114,025 47 

From interest on amounts due from sales of land 32,221 59 

From land fees 2,544 00 

From excess payments 4,760 87 

39,526 46 



Total number of acres sold 51 J023 91-100 

Total payments 1 14,025 47 

Add for interest and land fees ... 34, 765 59 



^153,551 93 



$148,791 06 

Balance of 80 per cent, due on 

sales@$5 75,88912 

Balance of 80 per cent, due on 

sales @ $6.25 74,774 46 

^299,454 64 

In addition to these lands sold, and for which title has been is- 
sued, applications are on file, and pending the decision of the 
United States Land Registers, for 81,093 acres of surveyed lands, 
and 13,480 acres of unsurveyed lands. 

The parties applying for these lands have deposited one dollar an 
acre in bank, to the credit of the Regents of the University, and 
certificates of deposit to the amount of ^94,573 are now in the 
hands of the Land Agent. 



36 



Recapilulaiion — Condiiion of the Grant. 

No of acres sold, for Avhicli title lias been issued 51,023.91 

Applications for Surveyed Lands pending in hands of U. S. 

Registers, on which deposit has been paid 81,093.00 

Unsurveyed lands applied for, and awaiting survey, on 

which deposit has been paid 13,480.00 

145,596.91 
Number of acres selected by Locating Agents, and for- 
feited by applicants — now the property of the Uni- 
versity 8,840.75 

Total 154,437.66 

Applications filed (without deposit) for unsurveyed lands, 

say for — 210,000.00 

It will thus be seen that we have apparently over-sold our grant 
to the extent of 4,437.66 acres ; but more than this amount will 
doubtless be rejected bj the United States Registers, in cases of 
contest now pending before them. 

Under these circumstances, we have declined to receive any 
more appHcations. 

Until the Registers report upon our applications now in their hands, 
we cannot know exactly for how many acres located, we can obtain 
title. 

In conclusion, we think we can justly claim the credit of having 
sold these lands to the best possible advantage. Our management 
certainly compares favorably with that of other State Boards, and 
officers having control of the several land grants made by Congress 
to the State of California. Of the 500,000 acres donated for in- 
ternal improvements, and afterwards devoted to the support of pub- 
lic schools, but a portion was sold in the shape of land warrants, for 
82 per acre, the remainder for $1.25 per acre, or an average, say, 
of 81. 62^ per acre. 

The 16th and 36th school sections, and the so-called lieu lands, 
also the Seminary and Public Building lands, were sold by the 
State at 81.25 per acre, and the swamp lands for 81.00, while we, 
entering the field, substantially, not until the year 1871, by which 
time desirable public lands, subject to location, had been closely 



3T 

gleaned, have so managed as to sell, or contract to sell, our entire 
grant of 150,000 acres at |5 per acre in gold coin, net ! 

There is not, so far as we are informed, another State in the 
Union that has sold her Agricultural College Grant for one-fifth 
as much as we have obtained. Some States sold their College 
lands as low as forty cents, others for fifty cents, and a few of them 
as high as seventy-five cents per acre in currency — the average 
price for all of them does not probably exceed sixty-two and a 
half cents, currency, per acre. 

So much in answer to the inquiry relative to the Agricultural 
Land Grant. 



39 



RESPONSE TO THE THIRD INQUIRY. 



HOW THE REGENTS HAVE ADMINISTERED TREIK TRUST. 



^' Third. Whether or not the Regents of the Umversity have 
properly admimstered the funds of the University which have been 
entrusted to them ; and if not, in what particulars." 

The Organic Act creating and organising the University of Cali- 
fornia was approved March 23d, 1868. The Regents organized on 
the 9fch of June, 1868. Since then, nearly six years have elapsed^ 
and they propose to render an account of their stewardship. At 
the outset, the prospect was not encouraging. All thej possessed 
to. represent a University, was an uninhabited site at Berkeley. 
Everything had to be created. 

It was necessary, at the very start, to secure a corps of Profes- 
sors of ability and reputation, for it was clear that men of moderate 
attainments — cheap men, picked up hap~hazard — could never build 
up an institution of grade so high as to bring back the youth of 
California from Harvard, and Princeton, and Yale, and other east- 
ern colleges of note, to which they had been in the habit of resort- 
ing in search of the higher culture ; or failing to recall those ah*eady 
gone, at least to retain those looking for a University education. 

The Regents devoted much time and anxious consideration to the 
selection of a proper Faculty ; and after the lapse of six years, they 
have cause for congratulation that they succeeded so well. The 
Professors, as a body, are men of the highest attainments ; some of 
them with a national reputation. They are devoted to their pro- 
fession — zealous in the discharge of their duties, and anxious to es- 
tablish such a name for our University, that no young Californian 
need go farther in search of the highest learning. We venture to 
assert that but few institutions — and those few only from their splen- 
did endowments — surpass us in the range and variety of the curricu- 
lum, and in the high character of the instruction imparted. 



40 

An examination of our latest "Register" will show that almost 
every branch of useful learning is taught in our University, so far 
as the same can be compressed into so brief a period as a four 
years' course. 

Next to the securing of an able Faculty, the most important step 
was to obtain suitable accommodations. Thanks to the generosity 
of the old College of California, we secured the use of their grounds 
and buildings in Oakland, where the law permitted us to locate the 
University temporarily, until it could be established on its perma- 
nent site at Berkeley. The Regents obtained the free use of these 
buildings on condition that they would organize the College of Let- 
ters with a full course, so that such of the students of the College 
as might desire, and should be found qualified, might proceed with 
their studies in the University. 

The University was first opened on the twenty-third of Septem- 
ber, 1869, with an attendance of forty-two students, most of whom 
had belonged to the four classes of the College. 

At a later date, negotiations were opened with the Trustees of 
the College of California, which resulted in the transfer to the Re- 
gents of all their property and assets, on condition that they (the 
Regents) should pay their liabilities. This property consisted of 
an entire block, with commodious buildings, in the heart of Oak- 
land ; a large number of valuable homestead lots at Berkeley ; 
one hundred and twelve acres of so-called " mountain land," in the 
same neighborhood ; all the College Water Company's rights : the 
whole estimated to be worth rf 80,000. 

The liabilities of the College, assumed and paid by the Regents, 
over and above the cash since received from the sale of a portion 
of the assets, amounted to $49,030.04. 

On the 11th of November, 1870, the Board authorized the pur- 
chase of the so-called Brayton Property, in Oakland, consisting of 
two full blocks, with the valuable and extensive buildings thereon, 
together with the furniture therein. On this property a mortgage 
of ^50,000 existed. In payment, the Regents assumed the mort- 
gage (on which the interest was subsequently reduced to nine [9j 
per cent.) and transferred to the vendors the outside property, 
valued at about $30,000, adjoining the University site at Berkeley, 
which had been obtained from the College of California. 



41 

The property was thus obtained without any additional cash ex- 
penditure. 

Later, a third block was bought of the Brayton Estate for the 
sum of '$20,000, thus completing, with the block obtained from the 
College of California, the quadrangle of four blocks, situated be- 
tween Twelfth and Fourteenth, Franklin and Harrison Streets, in 
the city of Oakland. 

This entire property was occupied by the University up to the 
16th of July, 1873. 

The purchase has proved profitable to the State. It saved the 
heavy rent that we should have been obliged to pay for so extensive 
a property, and, practically, gave us ample accommodations — rent 
free — for a period of four years. 

Nor is this all. The property has enhanced materially in value, 
and is now worth many thousands of dollars more than it cost, in- 
cluding the interest paid on the mortgage. 

The Board of Regents took steps, at an early day, to erect the 
necessary buildings for the University, on the permanent site 
at Berkeley. In view of the searching and exhaustive inves- 
tigation recently made by Committees of the two Houses of the 
Legislature, we shall not attempt to set forth the action of the 
Board in detail. 

The Regents first attempted to build the College of Agriculture 
out of the funds derived from the sale of the Tide Lands paid to 
them by the State, by days' labor ; but finding, after the expend- 
iture of 154,500.72 on the granite basement, that the structure 
would cost too much, and that their means would not permit them 
to complete it, they suspended work. 

By the Act approved April 1st, 1872, the Legislature appropri- 
ated 1300,000 for the construction of University buildings at 
Berkeley. A contract was subsequently made for the completion 
of the Agricultural College Building, for the sum of |126,000, an 
amount considered'quite reasonable by experts best competent to 
judge. The building has cost, altogether, about 1200,000. It is, 
we believe, one of the best — if not the very best — constructed 
public buildings in the State. It is finished in excellent style, and 
may be expected to endure for generations. 



42 

Originally, it was designed to put up a second building, to be 
called the College of Letters, of the same substantial and permanent 
character, built of stone, brick and iron. Two considerations in- 
duced a change of plan : 

1st, The brief time within which it would have to be constructed 
to be in readiness for occupation on the 20th of September, 1873 ; 
and, 

2nd, The insufficiency of means. 

The Regents were determined that one public building, at least, 
should be completed without exceeding the appropriation. 

This necessitated a change of plan from stone, brick, and iron, to 
wood, with a brick basement. On the 13th of May, 1873, a con- 
tract was entered into for the construction of the College of Letters 
for the sum of 883,750 ; and on the 6th September, just ninetj^-nine 
working days from the date of commencement, the building was 
completed, accepted and occupied. 

Adding the expense of several important additions, not called for 
by the specifications, and deducting the saving effected by alter- 
ations and omissions, the amount paid the contractors reached 
187,468. The finish of the basement was not called for by the 
contract. For this, a further expenditure of about 89,000 was 
made ; making the entire cost of the building, exclusive of the 
equipment, about 896,468 in Controller's Warrants — equivalent, 
at the date of the issue of said Warrants, to about 892,468 gold. 

A Commission consisting of four able and experienced Architects 
and Builders, appointed by this Board to examine and report upon 
this building, have made a detailed estimate of its value in gold 
coin, as it now stands. 

This they fix at 890,600, which is but 81868 less than the cash 
value of the Controller's Warrants paid for the completed building. 
Even a larger difference than this might be ascribed to the in- 
creased expense growing out of the rapidity of construction, called 
for by the contract. It is estimated that it would cost at least ten 
(10) per cent, more, to erect so extensive a building in ninety- 
nine days, than in one hundred and fifty or two hundred days. 
But, even if no allowance is made for this, the difference is not an 
unreasonable concession to the contractors, for their skill, labor, 
outlay of capital, and risk. 



43 

The Commission of Architects and Builders further report that 
the College of Letters is well built, and is admirably adapted for 
the purposes designed. Our own personal examination, and the 
testimony of President Gilman, and the Professors, confirm this. 
In addition, several distinguished visitors from leading Eastern 
Universities have expressed their unqualified admiration of the con- 
venience and excellence of the accommodations provided. It 
would be out of place here to enter into closer details. 

We submit, that the State has received the full worth of the 
money expended. 

Here is a well-built and well-finished structure, 170 feet in 
length, with wings 65 feet in depth ; four stories high, containing 
all the modern improvements, and situated five miles from the 
nearest source of supplies, that has cost, exclusive of the equip- 
ment, the equivalent of $92,468 in gold. Had it been a private 
undertaking, we doubt if it could have been built for much less in 
the same time. 



44 



Managemeni of the Finances. 

Excluding, for the present, the $300,000 appropriated for the 
construction of buildings, which amount is paid directly out of the 
State Treasury, and not by the Regents, they have received from 
the State, in six years, for the use of the University, the sum of 
8412,694.79. Besides this, they have received .$215,308.93 from 
the following sources : 

From Sales of lands — Principal $i 14,025 47 

** Interest on unpaid balances 32,221 57 

*' Fees from purchasers 2, 544 00 

$148,791 04 

** Interest on daily balances in Bank 9>753 39 

" Tuition fees 1,720 00 

** Water rates 1,074 50 

** Excess payments on land to be paid to U. S 3,97° 00 

*' Bills Payable. (This is only a constructive, not an 
actual receipt, and is only introduced into the 
account to offset the mortgage of $50,000, which 
is charged as an expenditure to the account of 
the Brayton Property) 50,000 00 

Total $215,308 93 

The total expenditures by the Regents, during their six years of 
service, exclusive, as before, of the amount paid directly by the 
State for buildings, have been $548,293.76. 

The principal items of expenditure have been : 

For Salaries of President, Professors, and 

Officers $228,826 75 

For Purchase of Real Estate, viz. : the Bray- 
ton Property, including the mortgage 
considered as paid, and all interest 
thereon $1 13,592 45 

For the College of California Property, in- 
cluding the block and buildings thereon, 
and 40 acres of land at Berkeley — part of 
the 200 acres forming the site 49,030 04 

For Amount expended on "VVater-works 4,279 59 

$166,902 08 



45 

For Construction of basement of Agricultural College. . . . 54>500 7^ 

' * Ornamenting, grading and improving site at Berkeley. 21,151 05 

•* Apparatus 18,974 91 

*' Library 7,49139 

" Equipment and repairs of buildings in Oakland 12,971 65 

** Free Scholarships 4,833 33 

*' Suj)port of Preparatory Department 2,045 39 

" Architects' Plans 2,965 00 

" Legal Services 2,088 75 

" Rents 6,322 00 

'• Advertising and Printing 3,366 41 

" Supplies, including Stationery 2,522 10 

** Insurance i ,693 18 

" Office Expenses 1,493 45 

" Sxmdry smaller accounts — in the aggregate 10, 145 60 

Total $548,293 76 

If we consider the $50,000-mortgage unpaid, the actual cash 
expenditures in six years, have been $498,293.76. If to this 
amount we add $272,000 expended directly by the State for the 
construction and equipment of buildings, it will show a total expendi- 
ture on University account of f 820,293. 

And now, what have we to show for this expenditure ? 

1st. A splendid University of high grade and of established 
reputation, imparting instruction in all branches of useful knowledge, 
free to all comers, male and female, in successful operation. 

No money consideration can represent the value of such an in- 
stitution to the State. 

2d. The amount paid for instruction, for free scholarships and 
for support of a preparatory department, aggregating $235,705.47, 
has gone beyond recall. 

For this we have nothing tangible to show. It is represented by 
the knowledge imparted to hundreds of the youth of our State. It 
will, we trust, bear its fruits in time, in the form of wise statesmen 
and legislators, accomplish^ed scholars, original thinkers and invent- 
ors, able jurists, pubhc benefactors, and virtuous citizens. 

No mere dollars and cents can represent the value of these. But 
aside from the intangible blessings conferred by the University, the 
Regents, representing the State, have properties of great value to 
show for the money expended. Deducting from the total expendi- 



46 

ture on all accounts — 8820,293 — the amount paid for instruction, 
$235,705.47— and we have a balance of 8584,487.53. To repre- 
sent this, the State owns : 

Four blocks, Avith valuable iinj)rovements, in tbe heart of Oakland, 

worth at least $150,000 

Two hundred acres of land at Berkeley, worth, at a low valuation, 

$1,000 per acre 200,000 

New building-s at Berkeley, thoroughly and handsomely equipped, 
that cost a total of $326,500.72, which the most unfriendly 
critic, at all competent to judge, would probably value at not 
less than 300,000 

Fifty acres of land in the suburbs of Oakland, donated by the late 

Edward Tompkins, believed to be worth, at i)resent 40,000 

A splendid collection of apparatus, that could not be duplicated in 

the United States by private parties, for 25,000 

A valuable library, containing over 11,000 volumes, worth at 

least 15,000 

Toland Medical Hall, in San Francisco 75, 000 

A museum, embracing extensive collections of minerals, works of 
art, etc. — chief among which are the State Geological Sitrvey 
Collection, the Mills-Voy Collection, the Pioche Collection, and 
the Ward Series of Casts — worth, at a low estimate 35,ooo 

Disregarding numerous less important donations, this gives us prop- 

erties of the money value of $840,000 

We submit that this statement is a full refutation of the charges 
of carelessness and neglect made against the Regents. 

We submit further, that it is conclusive evidence of the care, the 
ability, and the fidelity, with which they have administered the res- 
ponsible and onerous trust confided to them. Deeply interested in 
the advancement of learning, and appreciating its inestimable value 
to the youth of the State, and to the State itself, we have 
labored zealously, and with an eye single to the public good, with- 
out compensation or the hope of reward save the consciousness of 
duty performed, to establish on a stable foundation, at the least 
possible expense, a first class University. In this we know we 
have succeeded. The consciousness of this amply repays us for 
our labors. If to this be added the approving voices of our fellow 
citizens, we shall be more than content. 

Three exhibits are appended to tliis financial statement : 

A. Receipts and Disbursements to Jan. 2d, 1874. 

B. The Same to Feb. 28th, 1874. 

C. Sales of Agricultural College Lands. 



[xIppendix a.] 

f^edeicpt^ ai\d i)i>^l3uiVeiqent^ 



OF THE 



REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 

From August 8, 1868j to January 2, 1874. 



The resignation of Mr. A. J. Moulder, as Secretary of the 
Board, was accepted on the 2d of January, 1874. On retiring, 
he asked the Board to appoint an expert to examine his books, ac- 
counts and vouchers up to that date. In compliance with this re- 
quest, the Board appointed Mr. J. Ham Harris, who has devoted 
himself closely to this work, and on the 3d of March, submitted 
the following report of progress. 

Bear in mind that THIS REPORT EXTENDS ONLY TO 
JANUARY 2d, 18T4. 

Receipfs. 

XJNivEiisiTY Fund. 

Aug. Sand 19, Cash paid by State Ti'ea.STirer to W. 

1 868. C. Ralston, Treasurer of the Uni- 
versity $45,000 oO 

October 28, Cash received from sale of wan-ants 

1869. on the State Treasurer 27,831 00 

November lo. Cash received fi'om the State, from 

proceeds of sales of Tide Lands 
on account of the $200,000 appro- 
priated to the University 100,000 oc- 

August. 5. Cash received from the State Treas- 

1 870. ui"er by W. C. Ralston, Treasurer 

of University 14,450 00 

December 31, Cash received from the State Treas- 
urer by W. C. Ralston, Treasurer 

of University 3, 000 00 

Carried forward. . , $190,281 00 



48 



December 31. 



May I. 

1871. 



Amount brought forward $190,281 00 
Cash received from the State, from 
proceeds of sales of Tide Lauds 
on account of the $200,000 appro- 
priated to the University 

Cash received from the State from 
proceeds of sales of Tide Lands, 
being balance due on the $200,- 

000 

Stai'e Appropriation Account. 
August 26. Cash received from the State Treas- 
1872. urer by W. C. Ralston, Treasurer 

of the University, as per follow- 
ing amounts, authorized by an 
Act of the Legislature entitled 
* 'An Act to provide for the sup- 
port of the University of Califor 
nia," approved March 26th, 1872 



Land Fund. 



Deficiency for March, 1872 
** *' April, '' 

" " May, 

** June, 
" " July, '* 

** " August, " 

" Sept., ** 
" *♦ October, " 

*' Nov., " 

** Dec, 

** Jan., 1873 

** Feb., 

** March, " 

" April, " 

" July, 
" " August, '* 



Cash received from sales of University Lands 
9,694 acres of land sold at $5 per acre, for 
which payment was made in full 

92 23-100 acres sold at $6.25 per acre, for which 
payment was made in full 

Cash received from sales of land sold at $5 per 
acre, on which 20 per cent, of the principal was 
paid, and balance afterwards paid in full 

Ditto, ditto, on lands sold at $6.25 per acre 

18,972 28-100 acres sold at $5 per acre, on which 
20 per cent, of the principal was paid 

14,954 86-100 acres ditto, ditto, sold at $6.25 per 
acre 



65,000 00 



5,000 00 $290,281 00 



$2,265 32 
5,376 55 
5,771 95 
5»i44 72 
3,835 42 
5,653 65 
5,943 17 
5,553 38 
5,809 79 
4,911 65 
6,000 00 
6,000 00 
6,000 00 
6,000 00 
5,718 69 
5,848 52 



$48,470 00 
576 45 

16,126 60 

2,400 00 

$18,972 28 
18,693 41 



85,832 81 



Amount carried forward $105,238 74 



109.870 


39 


24,793 04 


2,304 


00 


5o,ooo 


00 


1,720 


00 


941 


00 


1,839 


53 


9,753 


39 


$577,335 


16 



49 

Brought forward $105,238 74 

4,031 65-100 acres, sold at $5 per acre, on which 
20 per cent, was paid, and payment in full 

made subsequently 4,031 65 

480 acres ditto, ditto, at $6.25 per acre 600 00 

Land Intekkst. 

Cash received fr-om interest on land sales 

Fee Fund. 

Cash received from Land Fees 

Bu.TiS Payakt.e. 

Assumption of mortgage on Bray ton Property . . 
Admission and Tuition Fees. 

Cash received from Students for admission and 

tuition fees 

Water Rates. 

Cash received from Water rents 

Excess Payments. 

Cash received of $1.25 per acre on double mini- 
mum lands — due to the U. S. Land Office 

Interest and Discount. 

CAsh balance due from this account 

Total Receipts 

Disbursements. 

Preparatory Department. 

Cash paid to meet deficiencies in consequence of 
inability to collect tuition fees from day stu- 
dents $2,045 39 

Salaries. 

Cash paid salaries to President, Professors, Sec- 
retary, Land Agent, Janitor, and Messenger. 219,156 75 
Building Fund. 

Cash paid construction of College Buildings, for 

labor, material, etc., 54, 500 72 

Universi'I"^ Site Improvements. 

Cash paid for fencing, grading, ornamental trees 
useful trees and plants, in improving College 

Grounds 20,974 50 

College of California. 

Cash paid for purchase of lands, expenses of sur- 
veys, attorneys' fees, etc 49,030 04 

University Wai'er Company. 

Cash paid for construction of Water Ditch, Reser- ■ 

voirs. Iron Pipe, etc 4,279 59 

Appara'itjs. 

Cash paid for apparatus, freights on same and 

insurance 18,974 19 



Carried forward $368,961 90 

5 



50 

Brought forward $368,961 90 

Rents. 

Cash paid for rent of College buildings in Oak- 
land, Janitor's house and Regents' office 6,192 00 

Office Expenses. 

Cash paid for office expenses Ij493 45 

Genekat. Expenses. 

Cash paid general expenses 7>757 57 

Architects' Plans. 

Cash paid for plans and specifications 2,965 00 

Periodical Fund Account. 

Cash paid for periodicals, etc 75 00 

Legal Services. 

Cash paid for searching title,, preparing deeds, 

etc., and special agent to Washington, etc. . . 2,088 75 

Library Fund. 

Cash paid for books, with freight and express 

charges 7,132 74 

Contingent Fund. 

Cash to provide for payment of small bills by 

the President of the University 1,780 00 

BrAYTON PROFETtTY. 

Cash paid for Brayton Property — including inter- 
est on mortgage and transfers 1 12,476 25 

Equipment and Repairs. 

Cash paid for equipment of rooms in College 

buildings — repairs of same, etc 

Free Scholarship. 

Cash paid for five free scholarships 

Adveriising and Printing. 

Cash paid for advertising in sundry papers, 

printing, etc 

Telegraphing and Expressing. 

Cash paid for sundry bills 

Stationery Account. 

Cash paid for stationery 

Insurance Account. 

Cash paid for insurance premium on Buildings 

and apparatus 1*693 ^^ 

Supplies. 

Cash paid for supplies for laboratory, text books 

for examination — coal and wood, etc i>593 94 

Ma'I'Erials for Laboratory. 

Cash paid for chemicals for laboratory 286 44 

Postage Fund. 

Cash paid for postage 55 00 

Suspense Account. 

Cash paid W. C. Ralston for advances on Con- 
troller's Warrants — to pay labor of students. .. 3>3H 95 
Cash balance ou hand, January 2d, 1874. . . 37j597 ^5 

Total Disbursements ^577*335 16 



;2,97i 


65 


4,833,33 


3,366 


41 


191 


59 


508 


16 



51 



To THE Regents of the University op California : 

Gentlemen. — I have made a full and minute examination of the 
books, accounts and vouchers in the office of the late Secretary of 
the Board, Mr. A. J. Moulder, from August 8th, 1868, to Jan- 
uary 2d, 1874, and as the result, herewith submit a detailed state- 
ment of the entire receipts and disbursements during that period. 
This result calls for the sum of thirty-seven thousand and five 
hundred and ninety-seven dollars and eighty-five cents (f 37,597 
85) in the hands of the Treasurer at the close of business on the 
evening of the first (1st) day of January, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-four (1874). The statement from the Bank of Califor- 
fornia shows this amount on deposit to the credit of the Regents 
of the University of Cahfornia. Respectfully submitted, 

J. HAM HARRIS, 

Examiner of Accounts. 

San Francisco, March 3d, 1874. 



[Appendix B.] 

RECEIPTS a:n'd disbursements 

OF THE 

REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 

From August 8, 1868, to Feb. 28, 1874. 



The following is a detailed statement bringing the receipts and 
expenditures up to February, 28th, 1874. It is, in effect. Ap- 
pendix A, extended by the addition of the receipts and expendi- 
tures from January 2d, 1874 to February 28th, 1874. 

This is the latest, and to it we refer in the body of our Report. 

Receipis. 

University Fund. 

From the State Treasurer $306,661 80 

State AppRorRiATioN Accocnt. 

From the State Treasurer for the support of the 

University 106,032 99 

Land Fund. 

From sales of land 1 14,025 47 

Land Interest Accoint. 

From interest on amounts due from sales of land 32,221 57 
Fee Fund. 

From fees on land sales 2, 544 00 

Bills Payable. 

From mortgage loan on Brayton Property 50,000 00 

Admission and Tuition Fees. 

From students t ,720 00 

Water Rates. 

From sales of water i ,074 50 

Excess Payments. 

From double minimum lands, due the United 

States 3,970 00 

Interest and Discount 9,753 39 

Total receipts $628,003 72 



58 

Disbursements. 

Prkpakatory Depaktmen t. 

For deficiencies on account of inability to collect 

from day students $2,045 39 

Salaries. 

For salaries of President, Professors, Secretary, 

Land Ag-ent, and einx^loyces 228,826 75 

Building Fund. 

For construction of College Building- 54, 500 72 

University Site Lmpkovements. 

For ornamental and useful trees, plants, etc., 
also fencing and grading, on the College 

grounds 21,151 05 

CoLTiEGE OP California. 

For purchase of lands, expense of surveys, at- 
torney's fees, etc 49,030 04 

University Water Company. 

For construction of water ditch, reservoirs, iron 

pipes, etc 4,279 59 

Appakatus. 

For purchases, freight and insiirance on same. . . 18,974 91 
Rent Account. 

For rent of College Buildings in Oakland, Re- 
gents' office, and Janitor's house 6,322 00 

Office Expenses. 

For expenses of office of the Regents i,493 45 

Architects' Plans. 

For amounts paid to architects 2,965 00 

Legal Services. 

For attorney's fees 2,088 75 

Periodical Account. 

For periodicals 75 00 

Library Fund. 

For purchase of books, freight, and expenses on 

same 7>49i 39 

CoN'iTNGP^NT Fund. 

For payment of small bills by the President of 

the University i ,780 00 

Brayton Property. 

For the property and interest on mortgage 113,592 45 

Free Scholarships. 

For five free scholarships 4,^33 33 

Advertising and Printing. 

For sundry advertisement bills, and for printing 3,366 41 
Telegraphing and Expressing. 

For telegrams and express charges 191 59 

Carried forward $523,007 82 



54 



Brought forward $523,007 82 

Stationery AccoosT. 

For stationery used 508 16 

Supplies. 

For wood and coal, text books for examinations, 

etc 2,013 94 

Materials fok Laboratory. 

For chemicals, etc 286 44 

Equipment and Repairs. 

For equipment of rooms in the University build- 
ings, repairs, etc 12,971 65 

Insurance Account. 

For insurance on buildings and apparatus 1 ,693 18 

Postage Fund. 

For postage stamps and envelopes 55 00 

General Expenses 7,757 57 

Cash on hand February 28th, 1874 79,709 96 

Total Disbiu'sements $628,003 72 



55 



[Appendix C] 

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE LANDS. 
Febriaary 28tli, 1874:. 

From Sales of Land. 

9,694 acres sold at I5 per acre $ 48,470 00 

346 74-100 acres sold at $6.25 per acre 2,167 ^5 

21,436 66-100 acres sold at $5 per acre, of wliicli 
20 per cent. cash, was paid, and remainder on 
time, and bearing interest at 10 per ecnt. per 
annum 21 ,436 66 

15,034 86-100 acres sold at $6.25 per acre, of 
which 20 per cent, was paid in cash, and re- 
mainder on time, and bearing* interest at 10 
per cent, per annum 18,793 4^ 

4,031 65-100 acres sold at $5 per acre, of which 
20 per cent, was paid at the time of purchase, 
and balance afterwards paid in full 4,031 65 

Balance 80 per cent, due on sales at $5 per acre. . 16,126 60 

480 acres sold at $6.25 per acre, of which 20 per 
cent, was paid at the time of purchase, and 
balance afterwards paid in full 600 00 

Balance 80 per cent, due on sales at $6.25 per acre 2,400 00 

$114,025 47 

From interest on amounts due from sales of land 32,221 59 

From fees on land sales 2, 544 00 

From excess payments of $1.25 on double mini- 
mum lands, due the United States 4,760 87 

$39,526 46 

Total number of acres sold 51,023 91-j 00 

Total payments upon land $1 14,025 47 

Add for interest 32,22 1 59 

Add for fees 2,544 00 

$148,791 06 

Balance of 80 per cent, due on sales at $5 per 

acre 75,889 12 

Balance of 80 per cent, due on sales at $6.25 per 

acre 74,774 46 

$150,663 58 



RESPON"SE TO THE FOURTH INQUIRY. 



REPORT OF AN ENGINEER 

UPON THE 

f)eYelop]CQei|t of tl|e G^fouiid^ 

AT be:rkeley. 



" Fourth. In response to this inquiry, the following Report in 
respect to the grounds is presented. It is drawn up by W. H. Hall, 
Esq., a most competent engineer, to whom the supervision of the 
work has been entrusted : " 

To THE Honorable Board op Regents and President of the 
University of California : 

Gentlemen. — In presenting the Diagram, herewith transmitted, 
representing the plan I have proposed for the development of the 
University Grounds at Berkeley, I have deemed it expedient to call 
your attention to the circumstances connected with their past man- 
ipulation, and to review the leading ideas and features proposed to 
be embodied in their future improvement. 

The first steps which were taken towards the improvement of 
these grounds, were made by its former managers — the Trustees 
of the College of California, a private corporation — who in 1865, 
obtained the services of Mr. Olmsted — the accomplished Land- 
scape Engineer — then on a visit to California. This gentleman de- 
voted much time and study to his subject, the results of which 
were embodied in a plan for the grounds, and a report, dated June 
29th, 1866, in which the full aesthetic idea of the improvement is 
ably reviewed. 

The College of California was a private corporation, which con- 
templated the establishment of a modest institution, chiefly of a 
classical and literary nature. Two buildings, at most, were to be 

6 



6S 

erected. Tlie site embraced over a hundred acres of land, and 
Mr. Olmsted was asked to prepare a plan for its improvement as- 
a park. He called the attention of the Trustees to the fact, that 
the maintenance of such a ground, would be a burdensome tax upon, 
their corporation ; and advised them to create upon their ground a 
suburban residence neighborhood, reserving only sufficient space 
for College purposes, at most but thirty or thirty-five acres. His 
views were adopted, and his plans were formed to develop the- 
grounds in a manner suitable for the purpose specified. 

Subsequently, the land was deeded to the State, upon condition 
that on it should be established a University, and that the entire 
site should be occupied for such purpose. Features of other ele- 
ments, merged into this institution, contemplated grounds for agri- 
cultural and horticultural operations, and the tract so donated af- 
forded the requisite space. Thus the present plans for improve- 
ment are based upon an idea totally different from that upon which 
Mr. Olmsted formed his scheme ; involving the conception of the 
entire area of one hundred and fifty acres manipulated as one edu- 
cational institution — the material University. The plans prepared 
by Mr. Olmsted, therefore, were not available for the pres- 
ent institution, however much suited to the requirements of the 
College of California they may have beea, or artistic and perfect 
for the formation of the contemplated suburban Home Grounds, as 
no doubt from, the well-known abihty of the author, they were. 

I have found it necessary, therefore, to make a renewed study of 
the subject ; substituting for the idea of a rural town, the concep- 
tion of an educational park, capable of being made complete in the 
requisite details of agricultural, horticultural, and general scientific 
study, so far as nature will permit the development of such ele- 
ments. I have also found it expedient to disregard, in a great 
measure, certain partial improvements, in the way of gmding for 
roadways, as well as much of the planting of trees, executed dur- 
ing the interim, and which have evidently not been done according 
to any well considered plan. 

Unfortunately, there is not that appreciation of the importance 
of prearranged and definite plans for such works, which there 
should be. The grounds around public buildings are regarded as 
immaterial accessories of the main, architectural features, and not 



59 

as settings to the gems, which they really are ; essential parts of 
an harmonious whole, suggestive of its character, in keeping with 
the design, and promotive of its convenient and effective use. All 
rational improvement of grounds is necessarily founded on a due 
attention to the character of the institution of which they form a 
part ; upon a thorough study of the situation to be handled, and of 
the climatic and neighborhood influences to which it is subjected. 
The situation is, of course, a natural formation, to be adapted by 
Art to the uses required. The character of the institution governs 
the manipulation of the details of construction, in the grounds as 
well as the buildings, the allotment and adaptation of the various 
natural features to their specific purposes ; while the climatic and 
neighborhood influences have an immediate and important efi'ect 
upon the convenient and pleasurable use, as well as the successful 
improvement, of the demesne. All such improvements, however 
blessed by nature their site may be, must be regarded from their 
inception as works of Art. Nature does not provide lands shaped, 
and drained, and planted to suit the specific purposes of man. We 
are to seize her salient features, and allot them, as may be best, to 
our definite requirements ; and, while preserving her more attractive 
spots in their integrity, develop an intricacy, a diversity of detail, 
presenting a succession of pleasing situations, varied in character, 
yet so arranged as to be in accord with each other. 

The arrangement of these grounds constitutes something more 
than the laying out of avenues and the planting of trees. It is in 
reality the planning of the material University. Neither one nor 
all of the buildings which are to be placed there, make up this in- 
stitution in its entirety. It comprises all within the boundaries of 
the tract, and must be regarded as one big structure, in which the 
several buildings, designed as they will be for difierent purposes, 
are as rooms or wings set aside to such specific uses ; superior in 
importance, and requiring a greater share of study in their design 
it is true, but no more distinctive features to be considered than the 
botanic garden — for the scientific arrangement of the plants, the 
departments for the practice of horticulture and agriculture, or 
even the recreation grounds, the ramble in the woods, or the mere 
landscape eflects. Of course, when these principal features — the 
main architectural works — are located, we have to adapt all else 



60 

to them ; but where such is not the case, a considerable amount of 
care may well be taken in properly placing them. We cannot, 
however, fix or describe the situation suitable for a house, without 
at the same time forming some idea of the structure suited to the 
situation ; nor should we make an allotment of ground to any spe- 
cific purpose, without considering whether such use is to be suited 
to the locality. 

I proceed at once to a consideration of the requisites of a gen- 
eral plan for these grounds, and the attention they have received 
at my hands : 

1. That the building sites which nature has provided be pre- 
served for such purpose and set aside for the most appropriate oc- 
cupation. 

(2) That suitable localities be designated for other specific pur- 
poses, and developed in a manner suited to such use. 

(3) That the general development of the grounds be such as 
will promote the convenient use of the principal elements of the 
institution, and enhance the natural beauty of the site, while intro- 
ducing the artificial structures necessary for its profitable occupa- 
tion. 

(4) And that economy of construction and maintenance be 
closely adhered to and planned for. 

Taking the two Colleges now completed as a nucleus, there are 
eight principal sites for large buildings. On this basis I have sup- 
posed the future University to consist of a College of Agriculture, 
a College of Letters, (the two buildings now completed) a School 
of Mines, a School of Engineering and Mechanic Arts, a Museum, 
a Library, an Assembly Hall, and a School of practical Agricul- 
ture and Horticulture ; and so placed them, as indicated, on these 
sites, as would seem most fitting. The Library, an ever increasing 
element, in a locality where it will have room to spread to a vast 
size, very convenient of access from without the grounds, central to 
the Colleges of Agricultural Science, Letters, and School of Engi- 
neering and Arts, the pursuit of the courses of study in which will 
most frequently necessitate reference to its volumes. The Museum, 
also a growing institution, on a spot where its building may be en- 
larged, adjacent to the Schools of Mines, and Engineering and 
Arts, to which departments a great portion of the contents will have 



61 

some relation ; while the School of practical Agriculture and Hor- 
ticulture is located in the midst of the grounds allotted to the ex- 
perimental pursuit of its course ; and the Assembly Hall upon the 
most pleasing and inviting site, retired, yet the most accessible 
from the two main carriage entrances, and from the depot of the 
horse-cars without. 

I have regarded the proper disposition of the residences of the 
members of the Faculty as a most important element in the prob- 
lem ; the more so, that they are not properly features of the Uni- 
versity itself, and should not appear in its main groupings. I find 
a site which had been suggested, at the southwest corner of the 
grounds, most fitting for the purpose ; and have so developed a 
neighborhood as to render its occupation pleasurable and conven- 
ient, as the arrangement of the lots and houses fronting upon a 
little Park, and of the rear entrances and walks will indicate — the 
whole to be excluded from view, from the main grounds, by planta- 
tions following the general line of the back walks. Of the many 
reasons for this location and development, I mention several, viz : 
First. The impropriety of bringing into the grouping of structures 
in the main portion of the grounds an element so foreign to the 
general tone of the establishment. Second. Opportunity for 
drainage and sewerage at small expense. Third. Facility with 
which rear yards and offices may be excluded from view. Fourth. 
Accessibility by commercial travel, thus excluding the necessity for 
a very undesirable class of vehicles entering the grounds. Fifth. 
Greater neighborhood convenience, and ease of access to the oc- 
cupants of the houses themselves. 

A Conservatory, wherein much botanical knowledge can best be 
acquired, and always a pleasing and attractive feature, is located at 
a protected spot, where the ground about it is adapted to the culti- 
vation of such plants and shrubs as would be appropriate in its 
neighborhood, and where it will present a remarkably fine eftect in 
the principal landscapes. This feature, and the surrounding rich 
garden, the space devoted to Economic Botany — a low valley well 
adapted to the purpose — and the horticultural grounds on the table 
land above, are all adjacent to the nursery and propagating houses, 
from whence they will be in a measure supplied with stock. The 



62 

public picnic ground remains as it is, remote and sheltered, and 
easily arrived at from without. 

The University grounds must not be regarded as a driving-park. 
Such a presumption would soon bring about a use of them highly 
detrimental to the real object of the institution. Drives there will 
be, in abundance, in the neighborhood ; one — the Piedmont Way 
— traversing the upper portion of the tract itself, and which I have 
carefully planned without connection with the roads of the Uni- 
versity, in order that such roads will not be converted into thorough- 
fares between the low lands and the way above. Roads, there- 
fore, must be regarded as necessary evils in the University grounds, 
and only located where desirable to approach its principal features. 
The least measure of roadway to answer this requirement is the 
proper amount to be planned. A strict adherence to the natural 
topography, maintaining very easy grades, and avoiding earthwork, 
with a width just sufficient to answer the purposes of maximum 
travel — from twenty to twenty-five feet — touching upon the points 
required to be approached by vehicles, and an observance of the 
rules of tasteful landscape gardening, with the requisites of good 
engineering principles, are the considerations which have influ- 
enced the location of these features, as embraced in my plan. 
Another reason for limiting the amount of roadway is found in the 
observance of the fourth requisite of a plan for the grounds — 
namely, economy of construction and maintenance. Roads are ex- 
pensive to make, and expensive to keep in repair. This considera- 
tion is also applicable to walks ; and therefore I have planned with 
a view of making these direct avenues of communication between 
the principal structures, as far as the restrictions indicated above 
would permit, except at several limited localities, where it is de- 
sirable to awaken some special interest by the development of par- 
terres, devoted to ornamental as well as instructive horticulture and 
floriculture. 

Gateways are offices requiring attention; a multiplication of 
them increases cost of maintenance, and destroys the air of security 
and seclusion which these grounds should have. Therefore, two 
carriage entrances on each the north and south sides, with one 
upon the west, is all that is admissable. It was proposed to locate 
the main entrance at the end of University Avenue ; a most un- 



fitting place, upon the side of a hill, necessitating a steep grade to 
surmount, or a sharp curve to avoid it, and otherwise violating the 
established rules of good taste and engineering. The main entrance 
to the University should be spacious, commensurate with the dignity 
of the institution, and in keeping with the general air of the grounds* 
The valley where I have located it admits of this treatment ; the 
end of University Avenue, as projected, does not. 

Though the principles of landscape composition should govern in 
a great measure the arrangement of these grounds, the fact that the 
institution is one of learning should be held in view in the develop- 
ment of every portion of the lands ; but the entire conversion of this 
beautiful site into a school of practical horticulture and agriculture 
would be a needless act of vandalism. I would therefore establish 
a series of botanical studies, grounds for economic botany, the 
culture of fruits, berries, and farm produce ; a forestry, an abore- 
tum and other instructive features, some of which are indicated, 
stocked with a variety of trees and shrubs ; but I would make 
their arrangement subservient to principles governing the effect of 
the whole, and not a mere carrying out of botanical classification. 

One other feature demands some attention : the terraces around 
the Colleges of Agriculture and Letters, now in course of con- 
struction. 

These buildings are massive structures, set upon a formal front- 
age line on the gently sloping surface of a flat spur of the hills. 
They occupy about the sites selected by Mr. Olmsted for the two 
buildings contemplated for the old College of California, as near, at 
least, as one can judge from the text of his report (the drawings 
not being at hand). 

Pubhc buildings, from their stately character, obviously demand 
the most formal settings ; and none require greater space in this 
treatment than those to be frequented by crowds of college boys. 
The planning of this particular portion of the Berkeley improve- 
ment has been done with the view of providing suitable settings for 
these buildings, affording ample room for the throngs of scholars and 
their friends, who may be expected to congregate about them at 
times, and introducing elements which will heighten the effect of 
the general rural air of the grounds, by imparting a breadth of 
foreground, a charm of variety, and a contrast of the decorative 



64 

art -with the beauties of nature. Their ^Drincipal effect, from the 
west, will be to impart a dignity, a sense of security and stability 
to the structures, which the preservation of the natural slope would 
have defeated. 

The fact that a hummock of earth existed upon the hill between 
the two buildings, cutting off the view of one ground line from the 
other, has necessitated the execution of the earth work which is 
now in progress. The plan contemplates the removal of this un- 
sightly protuberance, and the use of the material so obtained in the 
construction of the roads and terraces in front of the buildings ; 
while the ground in their rear will be sloped back into the present 
fall of the hill, so as to have a perfectly natural appearance on this 
side of the buildings. The preservation of the original slope about 
these buildings, with a natural treatment of the grounds up to their 
bases, would have been about as appropriate as the location of a 
castellated gothic structure in the middle of a wide plain, or the 
construction of a fancy woodwork foot bridge at the base of the 
Yosemite Falls. There will certainly be some small area of well- 
kept ground at Berkeley, This I have rendered possible to restrict 
to a small extent by the construction of the terraces, which, being 
treated as such dressed ground, establish at once an appropriate 
limit to such treatment, thus enabling the expense of maintenance 
to be reduced to the least amount, and avoiding the appearance 
which the building would otherwise have — of a couple of fine 
structures in the middle of a ploughed field. In this connection, it 
may be well to mention, that the plan submitted by Mr. Olmsted 
for treatment of the grounds around the two buildings contemplated 
by the old College of California, Avhich, as said before, were to be 
located in nearly the place now under consideration, w^as similar in 
general iiesthetic style to that which I have adopted, as we gather 
from the following paragraphs quoted from his report : 

" The central buildings are intended to be placed upon an 
artificial plateau at the head of the dell before described." * * 
* * * * rpj^(3 ^yggl^ front of this plateau is designed to take 
the form of an architectural terrace. ******** 
***** At the foot of these walks appropriate en- 
trances are provided from a carriage way." 



65 

" The construction of the necessary plateau ayHI not be an ex- 
pensive undertaking, as the working plan will show, and the terrace 
may be finished very plainly and cheaply. At the same time, the 
introduction of a high degree of art at any time in the future will be 
practicable, in the form of statues, fountains, and a highly decorated 
parapet with tile and marble pavement upon the terrace, and on 
each side of the broad walks, the intermediate quadrangle, and the 
stair and entrance way." 

Though Mr. Olmsted's general plan for the grounds could not 
have been adapted to the wants of the University, his conception 
of the treatment immediately about the two central structures of his 
design, was evidently identical in aesthetic idea with that which I 
have adopted, and I gladly avail myself of the above quoted 
paragraph in further elucidation of this feature of the plans now 
submitted. 

There is probably no established University in the world, whose 
grounds take so prominent a part in the general educational 
system of the institution as those at Berkeley may be made to 
perform, by a judicious system of development. After the general 
design is fixed, and its outlines laid upon the ground, the execution 
of its details, performed as they may be in a great measure by the 
students, will afford valuable practical examples of the theories 
taught in the agricultural, engineering, and mechanical courses of 
study of the institution. 

The expense of executing the works embraced in the ground plan 
herewith submitted, will, of course, be governed by the style of the 
detail work undertaken, which could be made to cost much or Httle. 
The expending of these moneys, after the primary works are fin- 
ished, may be prolonged through a series of years. It is expedient, 
however, that the works necessary for the pleasurable and profitable 
occupation of the grounds be executed at once ; and for this pur- 
pose, at least fifteen or twenty thousand dollars for each of the 
succeeding tAvo years, will be required. 
Very Respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

Wm. Hammond Hall, 



San Francisco, February 21st, 1874. 



Engineer. 



Special Information 

EESPECTING 

AGRICULTURAL^EDUCATION 



The Regents are of opinion that, in promoting the department of 
Agriculture, so far from showing any unfriendliness or hostility 
(as has been charged), toward this most important interest, they 
have done all that was consistent with the full discharge of the trust 
confided to them. They have been minutely informed of the dif- 
ficulties encountered elsewhere in the solution of this problem ; of 
the disappointments and changes which have occurred in other well- 
known institutions ; and of the local complaints which have been 
uttered respecting the very colleges and universities, whose ex- 
ample they are urged to follow. This has made them cautious, 
but it has not made them indifferent. On the contrary, they are 
desirous of making the University subserve, to the utmost, the 
Agricultural interests of the State, as well as its other industries, 
and they will welcome all the pecuniary assistance, and all the good 
suggestions which the Legislature, the Agricultural Societies, and 
individuals may contribute to this end. They beg those who are 
interested in the problem, to examine the catalogues, registers, and 
reports of other State colleges, and not rest their opinions upon 
vague and inaccurate rumors, or hostile criticisms. 

The Regents especially request that the following points be borne 
in mind in judging of their work : 

1. The Congressional enactment, of 1862, giving what is com- 
monly called the Agricultural Fund to the State, was not the be- 
ginning of the University of California. It was preceded by the 
University or Seminary grant, given to California as to other 
new States for a University, and by the foundation of the College 
of California. 

2. The Congressional endowment of 1862, commonly called the 
Agricultural College grant, was not given for a mere Agricultural 
College, but as the law (already quoted more fully) declares, " for 



67 

instruction in those branches of learning which are related to agri- 
culture and the mechanic arts " — " not excluding other scientific 
and classical studies." 

3. This fund, called the Agricultural College fund, has thus far 
yielded in six years, since 18(:)8, an income of 132,221 only, which 
is about ^450 per month, from the foundation of the University. 
The salary of the Professor of Agriculture alone, is $300 per 
month, not to speak of any other instruction given, or expense 
incurred for the department of Agriculture. 

4. The Agricultural College or Course, was first organized as 
required by the State law. Its course of studies has never been 
diminished or its advantages lessened. The Professor of Agricul- 
ture has been untrammelled. By the appointment of a special Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry, he has been relieved of the arduous w^ork of 
instruction in elementary and analytical chemistry, and has thus 
more time at his command for special Agricultural experiment and 
instruction. Still further improvements have been made. 

5. As Agricultural students were slow to present themselves, the 
Board encourasied the Professor of Ao;riculture to travel through 

o o o 

the State, and benefit by his lectures the Agricultural communities. 

6. The University was not removed to its permanent site at 
Berkeley till September, 1873, three months only before the as- 
sembling of the present Legislature ; so that there has been very 
little opportunity for agricultural work. It then became possible 
to comply with two requirements of the law — the establishment 
of a system of moderate manual labor, and the removal of the 
Secretary's office and residence to Berkeley. Arrangements were 
at once made for accomplishing both these results. About fifty 
students have been employed in labor upon the grounds. 

7. Before deciding upon the various uses to which the beauti- 
ful grounds at Berkeley should be assigned, the Board availed 
themselves of all the suggestions of the Professor of Agriculture, 
and of the plan which he presented last year ; and they also took 
the best advice which they could obtain from other professional and 
experienced sources. 

Four surveys of the grounds have been found necessary, and 
have been made : 



68 

1. A topographical survey, exhibiting accurately the surface of 
the site — an essential prehminary to all other work. 

2. A survey of the boundaries — to determine some very im- 
portant differences of opinion. 

3. A study of the water supplies, which are now ample and 
should never be diverted. 

4. A study of the site with reference to its occupation by the 
University, for all time. This required the consideration of prob- 
able building sites, roads, paths, bridges, drainage and also the in- 
troduction of varied vegetation, and the use of the grounds for 
agricultural and horticultural experiment, forestry, botanic garden, 
etc. This survey has but recently been completed, and the report 
of the engineer to whom it was entrusted is herewith submitted. 

8. In accordance with the request of the Professor of Agricul- 
ture, made Sept. 18th, 1872, he was then authorized to employ the 
services of a competent gardener, at the salary of $100 per month, 
and the resolution has never been rescinded, though no candidate 
for the place has ever been proposed by him to the Board. He 
was also authorized to proceed with the construction of a propagat- 
ing house, according to his request, and the sum asked for was ap- 
propriated to build it. On the removal to Berkeley a sum of $500 
was placed at his disposal, to secure the aid of competent experts 
as occasional lecturers, during the year, in matters of practical 
agriculture. These subjects are referred to that the good will of 
the Board toward the Agricultural College may be illustrated. 

Complaint has been made that the lecture-room of the Professor 
of Agriculture is upon the basement floor. The Board have never 
received from him any expression of his wishes, and are sure that 
there is no reason but his own preferences, why his lectures should 
not be given in any other lecture-room which he may prefer. These 
are very trifling points to bring before the Legislature and the pub- 
lic, but a word of explanation seems called for. 

9. The Board are very desirous of securing progress in the de- 
partment of Agriculture, and have already in their annual report, 
(December 1, 1873), asked for appropriations which would enable 
them to give it more efficiency. They have requested means for 
the improvement of the grounds, and for the employment of 
additional teachers. They will welcome and administer with 



69 

fidelity all assistance which may be given to them for this purpose. 
They especially desire to begin a system of experimental work 
according to the most enlightened plans, and to have at Berkeley 
illustrations of all the vegetation which the climate and soil will 
admit, and a museum which shall exhibit fully the products of the 
soil elsewhere. 

Finally, in judging of the actual condition of the Agricultural 
College, it should not be supposed that one-twentieth of the income 
of the University is all that is given to that department. Every 
thing connected with the University — books, museums, apparatus, 
laboratories, grounds, buildings, teachers — are open to agricultural 
students as much as to any others. They profit, as a matter of 
fact, by all these advantages. 

Seventeen of eighteen professors and instructors now teaching at 
the University, instruct agricultural students. The subjects in 
which they teach are not merely literary studies. Professor Carr 
teaches Agriculture and ^Horticulture ; Professor Rising teaches 
Chemistry; Professor John Le Conte, Natural Philosophy ; Professor 
Joseph Le Conte, Botany, Zoology, and Geology ; Professor Soule, 
Engineering; and Professor Welcker Mathematics; and these are 
the very things which a special and purely Agricultural College 
would first provide — if such a school was to be established away 
from a university. 



In further explanation of paragraph numbered "5" as above, 
the following resolution, adopted by the Board of Regents, on the 
8th day of January, 1870, is submitted : 

" Resolved^ That in order to extend the advantages of the 
Agricultural College of the University to the largest possible 
number of citizens, and especially to persons practically inter sted 
in farming, fruit culture, wine making, wool growing, and stock 
raising, the Professor of Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry and 
Horticulture, shall visit as far as possible all the agricultural 
centers of population in the State, and in every convenient neighbor- 
hood where accommodations can be obtained, dehver one or more 
lectures, illustrated, when practicable, upon subjects connected 
with agriculture, likely to be of most value and interest to the 
people of the locality. 



70 

*' In these lectures it shall be his care to disseminate such informa- 
tion, derived from study, from observation, from correspondence, 
and from general experience, as will be of practical use to the 
farmers, fruit growers, and stock raisers of the State, having 
special reference to the imparting of valuable information upon the 
nature and best mode of culture, of such new crops, fruits, trees, 
and vines (and the preparation of their products for market) as 
may be adapted to the soil and climate of California, and hkely to 
increase the productive resources of the State. 

" His course of lectures shall embrace the branches for which 
instruction is now provided in the University, viz., agriculture 
proper, agricultural chemistry, zoology, horticulture, geology, veter- 
inary science, botany, rural economy, meteorology, diseases of 
animals and plants, forestry, and all kindred subjects ; it being the 
intention of the Regents, by the course here adopted, to transfer 
the Agricultural College of the University from the closet to the 
field, and make its instructions of practical value to the people of 
the State. These lectures shall be free, and public notice shall be 
given of the time and place of their delivery. 

" During his tour through the State, the Professor of Agriculture 
shall carefully examine the growing crops, study their culture 
noting particularly any exceptional influences calculated to injure 
or improve them, and communicate the results of his observations 
in his lectures. He shall take special pains to collect statistics of 
the crops, flocks, and herds of the State, and shall report them from 
time to time for publication. 

" He shall open communication with all local agricultural societies, 
and so far as possible, place his services at their disposal, and de- 
liver his instructions under their auspices. 

" Resolved, That the Board of Regents will take charge of an^d 
will themselves procure, as far as possible, from all quarters, at 
home and abroad, rare and valuable seeds, and will distribute 
the same, through their Secretary and Professor of Agriculture, 
throughout the State, to such persons as may desire to test their 
growth." 



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